The Impact of Blood Sugar and Insulin on Dieting :: exploratoty essay research paper

The Impact of Blood Sugar and Insulin on DietingPeople, who support exercising weight exhalation plans, believe that isolating the different causes of corpulency and overweight will guarantee weight loss in a ill-judged sum total of time. By isolating the different causes of weight gain, the supporters of the weight loss plans believe that losing weight will be made simpler for people, who would want to lose weight without devoting too much time for exercise and dieting. The causes of weight gain be determined by a persons consumption of food and production of hormones. The supporters of weight loss plans feel that limiting the production of certain hormones with the regulation of food consumption can significantly reduce weight lose in comparison to exercise and dieting. Insulin is a hormone that significantly contributes to weight gain (Hertzler & Kim, 2003). Insulin is a hormonal substance that is produced and dispersed within the be for regulation of blood sugar. Th e flow of blood sugar is regulated converting sugar into dynamism. The energy converted from the sugar by molecules is either needed immediately by the body or converted into fatten out cells for later use during times when the body needs more energy to function. A large build up of fat cells within the body can contribute to weight gain (Eades & Eades 1996). Since fat cells are created from insulin, proponents of the weight loss plans believe that controlling the concentration of insulin within the body can guarantee immediate weight loss. By controlling the direct of insulin through the consumption of food, the level of insulin production can be controlled at a level that can help with weight loss. By eliminating the consumption of foods that maintain high levels of sugar can guarantee an immediate weight loss. People could achieve a desired body weight in a short amount of time. Even though people on the weight lose plans can achieve weight loss in a short amount of t ime. The quick loss of weight can be harmful for the body. The elimination of sugar from someones diet can have negative affects on their body. One of the negative affects of eliminating sugar from someones daily consumption of food is the potential risk of having a low blood sugar level.

Human Inequality :: essays research papers

Nothing in life is guaranteed, but there is one thing that we all expect to receive end-to-end our lifetime. Every valet demands to be treated equally in the same manner as the person next to them. This general consensus of modern day was not the norm throughout the history of America. No matter how much we try not to look back upon our obtuse behavior towards particular ethnic groups, what took place cannot be undone. The provided positive effect that can be derived from the past is to learn from these mistakes. Less than a century after abolishing what had become a two hundred course old practice of enslaving African Americans, the Land of the Free again displayed its disregard for human equality as Japanese Americans were stripped of their every belonging and send to internment camps during World War II.The enslavement of African Americans began during a time when the United States was a budding country in the need for cheap labor. In response to this necessity, slave traders would go to various regions within Africa to hunt for the residents who they would then capture and sell. It is mind-blowing to imagine an entire family being taken from their home in chains, only to then be separated never to see one another again. These Africans were not only robbed of their family and home but also their freedom and secure to live their induce lives. Upon their arrival to America, along with the new title of African Americans, came a new life of cruelty and inhumanity. Their self-respect was the first thing to be disposed of as they were assigned a monetary value when auctioned off like prize cattle. In Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, the cause describes the sale of her uncle with, Though only ten years old, seven hundred and twenty dollars was paid for him. This was only the beginning of the slaveholders attempt to confiscate any curio piece of dignity so that the slaves could be more easily oppressed.Slaveholders recognized the potential that knowledge created within a person and thus, kept their slaves as brutal as possible. Because literacy was not allowed by any means, slaves were deprived of the celebrated joy of a birthday. Douglass describes in Narrative of the Life of an American Slave, slaves inability to know their own birthday because there were no authentic records considering nobody was able to read or write.

Darwin Vs. Pearson :: Natural Selection Essays

The writing of Charles Darwin focuses on the concept of natural selection and its implications on the human race. Darwin understands that wholeowing pallider people to pass on their genetic shortcomings will ultimately prove to be detrimental. People should have the same reproductive rights and opportunities as all other people. The writing of Karl Pearson also focuses on natural selection and its implications upon the human race. Pearson, however, believes that the weaker people of society should be forced to come about off so as not to pass on their genetic malfeasance. Darwin and Pearson agree on the process of natural selection but disagree on how society should utilize the acquaintance gained from understanding natural selection.Darwin & Pearson both believe that left unchecked the human race would evolve positively by not allowing unfit people to reproduce. Darwin says, With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated and those that survive commonly exhibit a vig orous state of health. Darwin believes that people, without the constraints of society, would allow the weaker elements of their offspring to die off without reproducing. Since people operate in a civilized society, they must tolerate the people who are weaker than they are, even if it is a detriment to society at large, We must therefore bear the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak surviving and propagating their kind. Karl Pearson believes that the knowledge gained from understanding natural selection should be utilized to comprise the human race from declining, I want you to see selection as something which renders the inexorable law of heredity a source of progress, which produces the good through suffering, an interminably greater good which far outbalances the very obvious pain and evil. Pearson believes that even though it will be hard to do, society must stop allowing lacking(p) people to reproduce.

Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTSIn 1798, when Congress passed both the Alien and Sedition Acts, it was very much constitutional. These acts were definitely in the beaver interest of America. America was a significantly young population, at the time, and could not afford to create problems caused by foreigners coming to America. They did not have lavish discipline power to sustain order if everyone was attacking the newly created laws, and many of those rebels being citizens from foreign countries, nevertheless.These acts were, of no questions asked, surly constitutional. The Federalist Party presented these acts, later consequently passed by Congress, because they were and delightful and just laws in accordance to the nation at that time. For the sake of argument, the nation and government was very inexperienced, and did not know what to expect in their near future. magic Adams became the second president of the United States of America, subsequently, having to accept many ch all in al lenges and responsibilities to fulfill the job in office. He had the task of making sure that the newly founded nation unploughed running smooth. That is a big burden if there are activities going on in the country that one has no control, nor knowledge of (i.e. foreigners coming into the nation and starting trouble by disrupting the form of government, or having radicals trying to protest and perturb the running government in office-Federalists, at this time). John Adams was smart enough to realize the significance of these factors. Thus, taking his duty of President of USA seriously, he, along with the Federalist-controlled Congress, took action to protect the new country. Hence, were the creation and passing of the four, debate-causing laws (Naturalization, Alien, Alien Enemies, and Sedition Acts).These all made sense to be in effect for the time and date because many of the immigrants coming to the USA were Irish exiles (for plotting against British rule), British radicals, and French good deal (wanting to rebel against Adams). On these grounds, and many more, President Adams and the Federalist-controlled Congress had reason to believe that they had to protect their country from stirring troubles. In view of that, the government was permitted to the authority of deporting or imprisoning any foreigner that he saw fit. This is a very sensible power that the president ought to have had back then, given the particular situation.They also were authorise to enforce such laws to protect against from just any, unintelligent foreigners from intruding in their country to vote and such for legally binding decisions of the nation.

My Own Understanding Of Politics :: essays research papers

My Own Understanding of PoliticsA means by which individuals and interest groups compete to variant governments impact on societys problems and goals. Politics is easily defined. It is the concept behind the words that is more difficult to understand. Though regime is the primary method of communicating with government, this is not the only time politics are used. Immediate, individual interests, wants, and needs must be satisfied, as well as societal problems. The pursuit of interest is the purpose and initiation of political behavior.The moment an individual actively pursues an interest or works toward the completion of a goal, it is communicate outside him. For example, a person is shopping for a gondola car. The situation is no longer individual because he cannot achieve his goal of obtaining a new car alone another person or dealership must make the car available to him. Because the person selling the car also has a goal, in that respect is interplay of interests, and the implications of politics. Negotiation over a car, or anything of interest involves a distribution of attention from one side to another. Just as a car has a seller and a buyer, the government has different political parties, and each issue has a group for and against it. Gaining cooperation from the other side requires strategy.Tactics used range from peaceful, including survey and civil disobedience, to violent. But the expectation of reward and the actual prob cogency of reward essentially dictate political action.Rewards are both individual and societal. Power and the ability to control motivate our political leaders. Desire for wealth fuels citizens and the economy. Skilled citizens are represented in the technologically advanced Japanese population. Enlightenment comes from an educated society. health is invaluable to everyone, and to society when average life spans increase. And finally, respect, morality, and affection are the values that make up a persons essence. Governme nt is just as involved in the distribution of rewards and the claiming of values as individuals. Its leadership is the nucleus of society. The government allocates resources (money), deciding the fate of such programs as Medicare and welfare reform and the means, usually tax dollars, to pay for these programs. Government is the goal-attaining unit, and its decisions reflect those goals.The government is responsible for building a foundation now to prepare for the future. These decisions for the future are some of the around difficult ones to make.

My Own Understanding Of Politics :: essays research papers

My Own Understanding of PoliticsA means by which psyches and delight groups compete to shape governments impact on societys problems and goals. Politics is easily defined. It is the concept behind the words that is more hard-fought to understand. Though politics is the primary method of communicating with government, this is not the only time politics atomic number 18 utilise. Immediate, individual interests, wants, and needs must be satisfied, as well as societal problems. The pursuit of interest is the purpose and initiation of political behavior.The moment an individual actively pursues an interest or works toward the effect of a goal, it is projected outside him. For example, a person is shopping for a car. The situation is no longer individual because he cannot achieve his goal of obtaining a new car alone another person or dealership must make the car available to him. Because the person selling the car too has a goal, there is interplay of interests, and the implicatio ns of politics. Negotiation over a car, or anything of interest involves a distribution of attention from one side to another. Just as a car has a seller and a buyer, the government has different political parties, and each issue has a group for and against it. Gaining cooperation from the other side requires strategy.Tactics used range from peaceful, including persuasion and civil disobedience, to violent. But the expectation of reward and the actual probability of reward essentially dictate political action.Rewards are both individual and societal. Power and the ability to control motivate our political leaders. Desire for wealth fuels citizens and the economy. Skilled citizens are represented in the technologically advanced Japanese population. paradise comes from an educated society. Health is invaluable to everyone, and to society when average life spans increase. And finally, respect, morality, and affection are the values that make up a persons essence. government activity is just as involved in the distribution of rewards and the claiming of values as individuals. Its leadership is the nucleus of society. The government allocates resources (money), deciding the fate of such programs as Medicare and eudaemonia reform and the means, usually tax dollars, to pay for these programs. Government is the goal-attaining unit, and its decisions reflect those goals.The government is responsible for building a foundation now to prepare for the future. These decisions for the future are some of the most difficult ones to make.

Cultural Brokers in Colonial America

During the settlement of North America at that place were many a(prenominal) mass who penetrateed ethnic borders becoming heathen brokers. Three such masses were Isabel Montour, Samson Occom and Susannah Johnson. These three possessed strong language skills or the ability to learn new languages quickly, this was perhaps the close important skill needed to cross cultural borders and communicate with outsiders. Another necessary skill was a complete understanding of their culture and the cultures of other groups. This skill was employ to convey traditional customs, policy-making protocol, and to avoid any misunderstandings between the people of the each culture.The cultural broker would also have an agreeable disposition. Likeability and the ability to get along headspring with most people would be an asset in a cultural broker. Intelligence and diplomacy were also attrisolelyes necessary for the success of a cultural broker. I reckon the cultural broker would have to be a ble to take rejection because of the possibility of those in their culture ostracizing them for their association with the other culture. A combination of these skills would allow a person to move easily from wiz culture to other and sometimes have a foot in both(prenominal) at the same time.Isabel Montour was born(p) in Canada to a French father and Abenaki mother. She was some ten years of age when warriors of the Five Nations of Indians raided her village during war with the Canadians and took her captive. The Iroquois Indians adopted her and she was brocaded as one of their children. Upon maturity she married an Oneida war captain named Carondawana. In 1711, New York Governor Robert Hunter enlisted Madame Montours assistance regarding negotiations with the Iroquois. Governor Hunter would organize her a interchange figure in Indian negotiations in New York. He considered her to be one of his most trusted advisers. Her duties included acting as interpreter at conferences, a nd helping to write speeches to be delivered. Another aspect of her work involved relaying messages and explaining the expectations and mannerisms of the Indians to the colonists. Through her work she aided the colonists in their quest to understand the culture of the Iroquois. She had gigantic companionship of the customs, ideas and the language of the Iroquois. Her ability to fluently speak incline, French, Oneida, Mohawk, Delaware, and possibly Huron and Miami along with her many relatives located throughout Canada and the Great Lakes region identified er as a person in the know about the issues facing both cultures for the majority of her life. She was trustworthy, and unafraid to tell the truth. In the 1720s her family moved to Pennsylvanias Susquehanna River Valley to live in an Indian community. Here she also served as interpreter for the colonists in negotiations with the Iroquois. As in New York she was known for her knowledge and much asked for her advice regarding Ind ians affairs. In 1729, while on his way phratry from war with the Catawba Indians, her husband, Carondawana was killed.After his death she focused her attention on teaching her son Andrew the skills necessary to be a successful diplomat and cultural broker. Madame Montour had no real memory of her birth culture. Because of her mixed inheritance she could blend in with many cultures by emphasizing or de-emphasizing certain aspects of her background. Madame Montour moved easily between the cultures of the Indians and the colonists. She was very adaptable. This was probably derived from her early capture and assimilation into the Iroquois culture.Despite having family among Iroquois and supporters among the white settlers at times it seems she did not quite depart to any specific group. Even after being adopted by the Iroquois they still referred to her as the French woman who was married to an Indian. It seems Madame Montour was a woman of many cultures nevertheless also a woman w ith no true culture of her own maybe that is why she was successful as a cultural broker. Madame Montour both gained and lost by crossing cultures. She gained the respect of government officials in the colonies beginning with Governor Hunter of New York.Her work as an interpreter and assistance in the understanding of the Iroquois provided financial resources for her and her family. She also gained a well-deserved reputation as an important person who was well versed in the manners, customs, and languages of the Indians. Due to her own cultural brokerage firm she trained her son Andrew Montour to be a cultural broker providing him with a career. Madame Montour also lost as a result of her cultural brokerage. Her mixed heritage set her apart and her association with the colonists caused ill will among some of the Natives.Although she was respected among the colonists and Indians a equivalent, this did not necessarily translate into acceptance among either group. After the death of her husband even the Oneida community began to marginalize her family and she moved around frequently alone or with her son. She received little in the way of reward from the white colonial or Indian societies whom she served. Madame Montour was used by both the colonists and the Indians. The colonists respected her and actively sought the knowledge she held regarding the Indians except as soon as she was no lifelong needed she was cast aside and forgotten until they needed her again.An Oneida headman Shickellamy used Madame Montours contacts and influences to grow his status as a representative of the Iroquois Confederacy. Then he and a Seneca headman accused her of being untruthful and ended her public career. She never again appeared at a conference in any acknowledge capacity. Madame Montour used her fluency of language her family connections and knowledge of Native customs to help the colonists come to understand the Natives. Like Madame Montour, Samson Occom was a cultura l broker but he used a disparate path to achieve his brokerage.Samson Occom was Mohegan by birth. During the Great Awakening he converted to Christianity. Tutored by Reverend Eleazar Wheelock he learn to read and write in side of meat. Additionally, he learned Latin, Greek, some Hebrew, Oneida, and Mohawk. Occom became an ordained minister. He used the path of Reformed Protestantism, namely, Congregationalism and Presbyterianism to cross cultural borders. He create a two story frame house in Mohegan where his family lived for twenty-five years. To his people and the English the house represented his moving from his birth culture to the English culture.Wheelock asked Occom to travel to Britain to raise funds for Dartmouth College which he said would be used to educate Native youth. In Britain Occom was somewhat of a celebrity and preached to the people there and in Scotland. Upon his return to North America Occom learned Wheelock had deceived him regarding Dartmouth College. The target students were to be young English men. Occom had made the trip to Britain because he believed Native youth would make up the majority of the students. Occom never traveled to Dartmouth College and severed his ties with Wheelock.After a period of depression Occom gained a renewed sense of self-worth as a sermon he had delivered was published as a temperance tract. While in Britain Occom had collected hymnals and in 1772 he published a book of his favorite hymns. Later his knowledge of English law and his recordkeeping would enable the Mohegan to retain land in the community he started called Brothertown. When Occom died Mohegan, Iroquois, and Algonquian Indians attended his funeral which was preached by an Englishman/American and was held in Brothertown.The many different cultures present reflected his experience as a cultural broker but the place his funeral was held said even more Samson Occom had come home. Occom adjusted well to the English culture in the beginning. It co uld be said he even preferred the English culture over his own. But Occom never forgot about his people as to do so would have been irresponsible. Occom was well received in Britain where he was considered a unique attraction. In Scotland he was a living fashion model of the success of their commitment to education and conversion important because they funded Wheelocks ventures.Occom became less enchanted by the Europeans when he discovered Wheelock had deceived him about Dartmouth College. He decided that his reliance was the only goodness thing to be taken from the English culture and severed ties with Wheelock and the English culture. This was a reverse of his early years when he had offended the Oneida by telling them to to grow their hair long as the English do and not to wear wampum or other such things which suggested he agreed with the concept of conformity. Occom gained the ability to read and write by crossing cultural borders.Additionally he gained his lifelong faith in God through Protestant Religion. He became an ordained minister and used his preaching to help his culture. Occom learned the English laws regarding property ownership which eventually led to his people keeping the lands among the Oneida. He gained recognition through publication of one of his sermons and his popular book of hymns. In contrast he lost a part of his own culture for a brief time at the beginning of his association with the English. His knowledge of the English ways also created a bone of contention with the splintered loyalties of the Mohegan tribe. Occom sacrificed time away from his wife referable to his service to the English and Wheelock. Eventually the English culture lost appeal to Occom due to their abuse of his trust and confrontations of English antagonism. Occom was used by some(prenominal) people. The Boston Board used him to prove a Native could be used as an educator and cheap labor at the same time. Wheelock used him to obtain funds to create Dart mouth College and to prove his ability to convert and educate the Native people showing he was worthy of the donations he had received.Even though he eventually withdrew from the English culture Samson Occom achieved many things during his time as a cultural broker just as those before and after him. somewhat the same time as Occom was using his religious faith to cross cultures another person, Susannah Johnson, was pursuing cultural brokerage through another path. Susannah Johnson was a cultural broker. Her ability to adapt to any environment and attract and remember the good-will of others was the main path of her brokerage. Susannahs empathy for those in her culture and other cultures helped her cross cultural borders.Through the telling of her and her familys trials as captives of the Abenaki Indians she helped challenge many ideas about the Indians that were not ever so true. Susannah was born on the Massachusetts frontier to Moses and Susannah Willard. She married and her h usband and family lived on the New Hampshire frontier in Charlestown. On August 30, 1752, a group of Abenaki Indians raided their house and took her captive along with her husband, their three children, her sister, kinsman Ebenezer Farnsworth and a friend Peter Labarree.She was significant at the time and on the second day of their captivity she went in to labor and delivered a baby girl she named Captive. Susannah considered the Abenaki to be by no heart void of compassion as they helped her to deliver, clothed the baby and provided shelter for mother and baby. Additionally the Abenaki built a litter to carry Susannah and baby Captive but the other captives tired after a couple of miles and she was offered a horse to ride which she accepted for fear of being left behind in the wild with a newborn. Susannah spoke of how the Abenaki showed mercy to her family and the other captives.Susannah also spoke of the Abenaki modesty. Upon being sold to Governor Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquis Duquesne, in Montreal Captive became ill and Susannah allowed her to be christen a Roman Catholic and named the governor as her godfather. As Susannah was a Puritan this was a huge leap into another culture. Her husband throng raised the money for his release and was allowed to return to New Hampshire to obtain the money to pay the ransom for Susannah and their children. Due to Massachusetts preparing to expeditions against Acadia and Fort St. Frederic James was not allowed to return to Canada.When James did not return to Montreal Susannah and her two youngest daughters and her sister were cast out of Canadian society and made a living as seamstresses. When he finally returned to Montreal due to the escalation of war, James was considered a parole violator and posed a risk to military intelligence. Later, Susannah, James and the two youngest daughters were sent to Quebec to a nefarious prison where conditions were abject and disease rampant. Intendant Francois Bigot used his influence to allow the Johnsons to be moved to a civilian prison where conditions were more comfortable.There the family had a garden and Susannah was allowed to travel to town weekly to buy necessary goods. While in prison she gave birth to a abortive son and learned her father had been killed by the Abenaki during another raid. Her baby girl Captive spoke only French and Susannah learned enough to understand her daughter. The Johnsons were given permission to go home via England but at the last endorsement they said her husband James could not go but she and all but her son still with the Abenaki and her daughter in Montreal went on the boat alone.She arrived home after being gone for three years three months and eleven days. James having been released arrived home about the same time. Susannahs son Sylvanus was redeemed from the Abenaki but could only speak their language and broken French. Her oldest daughter finally arrived home after six years in Montreal. Susannahs f amily had become a kind of nations. In later years she loved telling about her adventures which she saw as an instructive tale of suffering and redemption. She always credited the Abenaki with kindness. Susannah had some bother adjusting to life with the Abenaki.She was not very good at canoe making and agreed with their adoptive sisters occasional complaints that she was a no good squaw. Susannah adapted better to life in Canada in Governor Duquesnes house. She met many other captives there and found the people kind and she was treated like a daughter. Even after being cast out of Canadian society she survived by working as a seamstress. She never did adapt to the criminal prison but in the civilian prison she made do with the little she had. During weekly outings she met other captives and had conversations with them.During her captivity Susannah met many people who were kind to her and her family. She never forgot that kindness and persevered until she was once again home. A s a cultural broker Susannah gained knowledge of Native culture and personal insight into their lives. She became aware the Natives were capable of kindness and were a good moral people. She always believed the Abenaki were nicer to her family than the English would have been to a Native family had the situation been reversed. She found their community very favorable. Susannah further related storm that the Abenaki adopted her as a sister and treated her as one of their own.Although Susannah gained as a cultural broker she also experienced loss. She had a stillborn son and lost a son to the Abenaki. She later regained this son but he always considered himself an Abenaki. The six years her oldest daughter spent in Montreal were lost to her. One positive loss she experienced was her loss of fear over time. Susannah was used by the Indians as trade to the Canadians. She was also used by the Canadians as a prisoner to be bargained for political reasons. The three biographies relate muc h about intertribal relations and interaction between the Europeans and Natives. Inter-tribal relations were not always positive.The tribes were many times split between loyalties to different cultures. They often looked upon cultural brokers as outsiders or a kind of traitor. There were also good things about tribal relations shown by Occom who never forgot his people. He became a cultural broker more for the benefit of his people than himself. The Indians were usually loyal to one another and treated most captives as family members. The interaction between English and Natives was usually strained. Neither group knew what to expect from the other or understood the other culture. The English were far worse in their treatment of the Natives.They were generally unfair and untruthful. They used the Natives far more than the reverse. They considered them backward and perceived them as stereotypical savages. When captured Susannah was surprised to be treated as well as she was for she kn ew the English would treat their captives far worse. Madame Montour, Samson Occom, and Susannah Johnson were all successful cultural brokers. Cultural brokers played a monstrous role in the colonization of the United States. Although they used different methods to cross cultural borders the intent was universal. They strived to bring understanding to both their culture and the culture of the English.

A Case of Itp Case Study

1. How and where are platelets produced in the body? Platelets are known as thrombocytes and are produced in going bone marrow. They are stimulated when a note vessel becomes injured and breaks. Platelets are responsible for clotting a vessel to stop the body from losing totally of its blood. 2. Describe the role played by platelets in hemostasis. Hemostatis involves constriction of blood vessels, activity of platelets, and activity of blood clotting factors. Platelets work together with other blood proteins to form fibrin.The fibrin forms a net that traps blood cells in order to create a clot. The clotting balanced by the clotting that is stopped when the vessel is mend 3. Define thrombocytopenia and list the more common causes of this condition. Thrombocytopenia is a shortage of thrombocytes which can be caused by many different diseases, such as leukemia, HIV, myelofibrosis, Gauchers disease, or immense blood transfusions. 4. What are the potential consequences of a low platel et count?Difficulty to cease bleeding is a major consequence. Symptoms such as skin bleeding, petechiae, huge bruises from slight injuries, bleeding gums, blood in stool or urine, and intense menstrual periods are all consequences of having a low platelet count. 5. What drugs have been associated with the development of thrombocytopenia? Heparin, quinidine, quinine, sulfa-containing antibiotics, and some oral drugs for diabetes, rifampin and gold salts are all drugs that are associated with thrombocytopenia. . How is thrombocytopenia treated in individuals diagnosed with the condition? If it is caused by a drug, then discontinued use is recommended. Corticosteroids or intravenous immune globulin can be used to temporarily block the effects that destroy platelets. The spleen can also be surgically removed or the patient can receive plasma transfusions. 7. How might removal of the spleen (splenectomy) result in an increase in the number of circulating platelets?The spleens function is to remove antibodies. If the spleen is removed, there will not be a production of protective antibodies aimed at the autoantibody and platelets will increase. 8. What is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)? ITP is a bleeding disorder brought about by thrombocytopenia, but it is not machine-accessible with a general disease. Most of the time, it is chronic in adults and acute in children. It results from antibody development aimed at an autoantibody.

Cisco’s Strategy in Recessionary Times Essay

Executive SummaryThis report is an examination into the strategical counselling practices used by lake herring Systems, Inc., ein truthwhere the circulate com bubble from 1997 to 2000 and an e trulyplaceview of lake herring as a participation, and its sciences over the past 20 days.The report was created by Alex Quigley, Eoin McCrann and Daniel Ozac, as part of a continuous sagaciousness deliverable as part of BSHCE3, Hons Degree in cipher at the National College of Ireland. It is supported by a world-beaterPoint presentation of the same name, in the disposed appendix. IntroductionThe report allow for first review the literature used during the re expect of the topic and outline the types of information resources used during the reports generation and an overview of these findings. There is an inclined overview of lake herring as a confederacy (Appendix A) which outlines how it was founded, and its incumbent mart survey, and a brief history.Next, we will puzzle a high level overview of their outline and thence identify the aboriginal strategic tools used by the conjunction and how they differed at the time from their competitors in this regard. Next we will appear in detail at ciscos acquisitions over the past 20 years since the union formed, and how this particular strategy was affected by the crash.After this we will look at Ciscos financials and how their strategy has enabled much(prenominal) large ontogeny. The importance of their strategic choices in maturation this financial growth, and finally approximately of the possible risks associated with the jerk off a line strategic tools used by the partnership during this period.Finally, a conclusion and summary of our findings and an appendix for the resource references used during the research, and an appendix of financial information. Literature ReviewFrom the outset the found for all our research started with the case study (Indu, 2010). This gave us a very trusty overvi ew of the company and how it has, over the past 20 years, faced great mirth in the face of adversity, and bounced foul, particularly after difficult times throughout the companys history In particular during recessionary times such as the dot com crash and the repenny global economic downturn.The course notes from BSHCE3 strategic Management were used to identify the key strategic management tools. Wikipedia was in like manner liberally used to identify and further expand on some of these tools, their founders and alsoas a high level overview of Cisco as a company.Other online resources that proved very informative during research were CNN and in particular the money section of the website which maintains detailed information on a large flesh of companies, and the NASDAQ website which also maintains (as expected) detailed stock and financial information.Its also worth mentioning that Ciscos own website is very informative, with detailed financial and organizational structure. st rategical OverviewFrom the case study delivered during class (Indu, 2010) it is clear that Ciscos goal was to extend grocery place sh ar and maintain a carry on growth. Added to this actd progress to customer and supplier relations. The companys current mission statement states thatCiscos mission is to shape the future of the cyberspace by creating incomparable value and opportunity for our customers, employees, investors, and ecosystem partners. (Cisco.com)With a hale customer focus at the core of their trade, an separate strategy employed by Cisco is to position themselves wet to not only the customer only when suppliers too. This closeness and strength of supplier relations allows Cisco to respond quickly to changing customer and in event securities industry place demands and trends.One of the strategic applications to enable growth and innovation was the use of acquisitions. From 1993 to present day Cisco has acquired over 150 companies in a broad(a) range of Inf ormation Technology and Net courseing sectors. This is facilitating gaining and maintaining emulous advantage.However, proving the strength of the management and effective adaptation, Cisco has been able to change their strategy when required and in 2000, after the dot com bubble burst, its highly self-made strategy of procurement was aban through with(p)d and under the leadership of John domiciliate, thecompany was able to successfully tighten its purse string, downsize the business and successfully ride out the storm.This leads to another strategy employed by Cisco, and one that has not been helped employee relations, the choice to downsize during periods of economic or market downturn. This retrenchment again shows Ciscos effective adaptation, further has led to issues with morale among employees.Ciscos core business is networks, communication and information technology. So it is no surprise that in agree to providing companies with the tools and information systems seen as strategically important, they themselves view these systems as paramount to the companys success. Examples of this are the bug alert system implemented in 93 and even earlier, the FTP site a database to allow customers and developers improve existing components and systems.One defining factor in all Ciscos strategic choices has been to stick to the knitting. As Peter Drucker stated Think through the overall mission of a business, and ask the question What is our business?In Ciscos case, their business through numerous acquisitions and strategic changes has essentially remained the same. Chambers believed that there are 4 key elements that a company needs in site to survive a recession 1. Being realistic about the CAUSE of your challenges dont just blame a recession, focus internecinely as well, is there something youre doing as well? 2. Try to determine the length and intensity of the downturn then respond appropriately 3. Prepare for the upturn support and thrive, gain marke t share 4. Expand customer relationships customers can give insight into when the recession may endAnd this isnt always the best strategy, as it does not allow for innovation indwellingly within the face. The lack of intrapreneurship has led to poor company ratings in terms of great place to work scores. In order for Cisco to get sassy products or sneak in into a new market, they generally have to secure a new company or else than use organic growth or in-house smarts.Their competitors on the other hand employ strategies of organic growth and are less inclined to purchase companies in order to gain intromission into different markets. However there have been some key acquisitions that allowed acquit competition to Cisco, which will be discussed in more(prenominal) detail in the following section.Cisco through every recession have maintained large assets and cash. They saw it as vital in order to survive. This allowed them to make bold decisions when most companies are cut ting back, and also respond immediately when the market begins to pick up again. Something competitors have had difficulty with.Acquisition TimelineAs stated previously, Ciscos core business has been a factor in the type of businesses acquired over the companys history. From 1993 to 2000, there was a sustained level of acquisition, increasing year on year. During this time Cisco has acquired over 150 companies, most of which were US based. build 1 However, its clear from write in code 1 above that after the crash in 2000, Cisco drastically decreased acquisitions with only one acquisition in 2001. In the two years previous to this Cisco had acquired an amazing total of 40 companies. And once again in 2008 the company slowed acquisitions to match the downturn in demand for their products. Although not as drastically as 2001. They used these times to focus on new emerging markets, and develop new technologies. Figure 2 Most of these businesses were related to the empyrean of Comp uter Networking, Lan Switching, Gateways and Routers. This is in keeping with Ciscos strategy of stick to the knitting. Second to these is the VOIP technology sector. By 2004, Cisco had returned to its acquisition strategy and sustains this level for a number of years. What is interesting is if you map the NASDAQ composite index, which is heavily populated with IT related companies it almost perfectly matches the acquisition timeline for Cisco, as can be seenin Figure 3 below. Figure 3 Cisco didnt just acquire the companies and integrate the management of them into their own structure. For the most part these companies were allowed to continue as individual entities, and keep their existing structure and organisational managers.Competitors AcquisitionsHewlett PackardOne of Ciscos competitors is HP, the computer hardware and software giant. In 2008, HP acquired Colubris Networks. Colubris Networks provide organizations with modern wireless networking solutions that unify and integ rate with existing network infrastructures, as well as security and management systems. This was an attempt by HP to try and take market share of Ciscos strong hold on network infrastructure, and in this case the wireless LAN market.In 2009, HP purchased 3COM, the digital electronics manufacturer best known for its computer network infrastructure products, for $2.7 billion. This was a huge strategic move from HP to strengthen their position in the market which Cisco has been controlling.HP realized there were large gaps in its product line, mainly network switching, which would take too long to fill organically and involve a quick-fix. HP wanted to take on Cisco in this sector, and 3Com wanted to expand outside of China. This acquisition averaget the Introduction of low-cost switches, which was a competitive advantage that Cisco was unable to match. raetam NetworksAnother of Ciscos direct competitors, juniper bush networks, a networking equipment manufacturer based in Sunnyvale, California. In contrast, Juniper had no acquisitions between 2006 and 2009, and instead focused all their efforts on internal innovation and organic growth.However in 2010 they acquired Ankeena Networks for $100 meg. This was amove to like a shot compete against CSICOs moving picture conferencing market position. Ankeena Networks deliver new media infrastructure technology, and their technology is designed to help service providers deliver a better pictorial matter experience on both fixed and mobile devices.Also in 2010, Juniper purchased Blackwave Networks in order to support Ankeena networks. Blackwave networks key business is to provide video storage and delivery. Both of these purchases were seen as Juniper bulking-up its video delivery capabilities in order to take on Cisco in this area. PolycomAs with Juniper acquisitions in 2010, Polycoms core business is in the area of video conferencing and in particular Telepresence and supporting infrastructure equipment.Between 200 8 and 2010 they did not acquire any companies. In 2011 they acquired HP Visual Collaboration, a network and video management company for $89m. This move was in response to Ciscos hostile $3.3bln takeover of Tandberg. The purchase was to strengthen Polycoms position and ensure that they are strong enough to compete with Cisco.Strategic ToolsA number of tools exist to assist organisations in developing strategies and insight on what industries and areas their business should focus on. Some of these are outlined below.SWOT compendiumA planning method used to determine the internal factors strengths, and weaknesses, as well as the external factors opportunities and holy terrors, facing a project or organisation. The SWOT analysis helps project managers or organisations with the decision-making process. It is especially useful when hearing entry into a new market, or when releasing a new product. It can be used to develop a strategy to help distinguish your organisation from your comp etitors.Porters 5 ForcesA technique used to determine the intensity of competition within your market. The five forces are threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products, and bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and the intensity of competitive rivalry. It is used to show the relative attractiveness of a particular market, and as such helps with the decision-making process for project managers and organisations. swearword Market Analysis ToolA tool used to help understand market growth or decline. PEST is an acronym for Political/Legal, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological. Like SWOT and Porters 5 Forces, PEST is used to analyse or review a strategy or position at a given time and then help with the decision-making process. OtherOther tools include Management by Objectives (MBO), TOWS Matrix, Internal Analysis, Value Chain and BCG Portfolio Model, but for this report we will focus on the three tools above, and how they relate to Ciscos management s trategy.Strategic Tools on CiscoSWOT AnalysisThe SWOT analysis outlines internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. StrengthsIn terms of internal strengths, Cisco is in a very good market position for its main core products (networking equipment) and is seen as the market leader in this area. Cisco has number of alliances with major impostors in the market, including Microsoft and IBM. Cisco also maintains a very strong balance sheet every year, ensuring a large supply of cash is available. WeaknessesConversely, its main weakness is the high cost of its products, when compared to its competitors (e.g. HP and their low-cost range of network switches). This is not a major trouble for Cisco however, as their focus is on reliability and customer satisfaction, not beating harms with competitors.Other weaknesses include the lack of a presence in the consumer market and the lack of innovation. Ciscos growth and new product line comes from acquisitions rathe r than internal innovation and organic maturement. OpportunitiesOpportunities in the market include drove computing, smart-grid technology, the home consumer market and the area of video conferencing thanks to its acquisition of Tandberg. ThreatsThe main external threat to Cisco is the unstable global economy. Chambers was initially very optimistic about the economic recovery however he has recently toned-down his statements and has admitted that recovery may take longer than initially expected. Other threats include cheaper alternatives and their direct competitors Hewlett-Packard, Juniper and IBM.Figure 4 Porters 5 ForcesPorters 5 Forces model helps to determine the level of a number of factors. at a time established, this helps to determine the relative attractiveness of a particular market or sector. Threat of New Entrants MEDIUMLarge enterprises will generally only enter the market by acquiring specialist companies, and small companies will not really be able to compete due to the infrastructure and resources required. Any small, successful start-up will generally be acquisitioned by a larger one. Because of these factors the threat of new entrants into Ciscos core market (design and manufacture of networking equipment) is medium. Bargaining former of Suppliers LOWCisco generally uses short-term contracts with its suppliers. This allows them to easily adjust their output depending on supply and demand. Cisco also uses a multitude of different suppliers crossways the globe. Their main focus is on reliability and customer satisfaction rather than competing on price. For these reasons the suppliers have a low level of bargaining power. Bargaining Power of Buyers HIGHIn terms of networking equipment and video conferencing facilities, there are a wide range of suppliers for customers to choose from. These include Hewlett-Packard, Juniper, and Polycom. There are also cheaper alternatives in the market. This gives the customers much more bargaining power. Threat of Substitute Products LOWOrganisations rely on networking equipment such as hubs, switches and routers. They are vital to networks and will not be replaced by substitute products. Therefore the threat to Cisco is low. Intensity of Competitive Rivalry HIGHThe sector is very competitive with HP and Juniper seen as Ciscos main rivals. Ciscos entry into the videoconferencing and Telepresence market has increased this rivalry. Cisco is still seen as the market leader. PEST Market AnalysisThis market analysis used to help understand market growth or decline and help to influence the decision-making process. Political & LegalPolitical and healthy considerations for Cisco include regulations regarding customer and employee data privacy and security. Given the market they operate in, their products need to adhere to many different standards and certifications.These include ISO, IEEE, IETF, ITU and Wi-Fi Alliance. As Cisco is an international organisation operating in many different countries crosswise the globe, they must be aware of differing national laws and regulations. A major strategy of theirs is the acquisition of other organisations. They must therefore be aware of the laws and regulations governing this process in different countries and continents, e.g. the acquisition of TV software developer NDS had to be approved by the European Commission. EconomicThe current economic outlook is poor, with low growth and uncertainty about when it will end. There are high unemployment rates across the globe, low inflation rates and increased labour costs. Current rates of interest are also important. These are all factors that Cisco will consider with any newventure. Socio-CulturalDemographics, language, culture, customs and religion are not really a huge concern for Cisco. One socio-cultural issue that may relate to them is the current trend of technical people leaning more towards open-source software and hardware products. This may have a negative impact on so me areas that Cisco operates in, as Cisco IOS is closed-source. However Cisco does work with over 40 open source software projects. Another area that Cisco will consider is the green and renewable energy sectors. Ciscos recycling and emissions and energy consumption reduction programs have worked well and even resulted in them fitting certified. Cisco is also one of the driving forces behind making purchases from women, veteran and minority-owned companies. TechnologicalCisco spends nearly $5.3 billion on research and development per year, ensuring that they squelch at the cutting-edge of technology. In terms of innovation Cisco generally stick to the knitting, i.e. they stick to their core competencies and acquisition other organisations when moving into new areas. Areas of technological growth include video and teleconferencing, telepresence, unified communication, big-data, drove computing and smart grid (overlaying a digital network onto the existing electrical network).Figur e 5 Financial OverviewLooking at Ciscos finances provides and insight into invest psychology. Going back to 1993 (Figure 6) we can see that Cisco had strong payment growth. Cisco really suffered during the recession in 2001 as they were unable to predict economic downturn and net sales fell by almost 30 per cent. Chambers was forced to write off inventory of $2.2 billion, and 8,500 people were made redundant.Figure 6 ReorganisationThe reorganisation of its operations after the crisis in 2001 was followed bystrong growth. By look at the Ciscos last years financial statements (Figure 7) we observe that their bottom line, in other words, Net Income was pretty stable and year over year, has known a continued growth from 2003 onwards, except the last couple of years, starting with 2008 when the net income declined to 2009 and got back pretty much as the same level in 2010 and once again declined from 2010 to 2011 but then increased from 2011 to 2012 exceeding this time the 2010 level .Figure 7Technology BubbleThe orange line on the graph represents stipend per share growth and as we can see since 1993, the average operating earnings growth rate has averaged 24.5% a year. The black line represents the monthly closing stock prices. As we can see at the beginning the earnings in price track each other very closely and then between 1997 and 2000 we observe that Cisco stocks became overpriced which matched the other trends in the technology market during the dotcom bubble. It climaxed on jar against 10, 2000, with the NASDAQ peaking at 5132.52 in intraday trading before closing at 5048.62. (Jesse Colombo, 2012).We can clearly see how during this period Cisco became dis machine-accessible from growth and earnings. The price collapsed as a consequence. However, since 2002 2003 Cisco stocks has traded more in line with its operating earnings growth (Appendix A, Earnings Growth). Price Earnings RatioAlthough Cisco is trying to ensure a dominant position in all of its markets (and reflected in last quarterly results) their earnings were above expectations. This doesnt give a clear picture of the potential for continued growth for investors.Price Earnings Ratio demonstrates investor psychology in the (Figure 7). It illustrates value in relation to the companys earnings and is strictly related their yearly financial statements translated into net income. The higher the price earnings ratio the more the market is willing to pay for the companys earnings.Conversely, a low P/E may indicate a vote of no confidence by the market or it could mean this is a sleeper that the market has overlooked. Known as value stocks, many investors made their fortunes spotting these diamonds in the rough before the rest of the market observed their true worth. (Ken Little. 2012).Looking closer at earnings growth rate for the time frame 2003 2012, we observe that Cisco is averaging at almost 20 per cent stock growth a year (Figure 8) and since 2003 there was a time whe n the P/E ratio was much higher.Figure 8By looking below at the P/E graph (Figure 9) we can see that by Fiscal family End 2003 was nearly 40, by Fiscal Year End 2004 it dropped to 28 and then by Fiscal Year 2005 again to 21. We can see a continuous drop, in 2012 was just over 10 and currently the P/E ratio is around 12.0 based on the closing price of adjoin 28th 2013.Figure 9Finances over the ending DecadeLooking at Ciscos financial statements for 2003 2013 and the historical stock price trends, we can see that Cisco had an accelerated earnings growth. The graph below (Figure 10) outlines this cyclical nature. Figure 10They had a growth rate of 89 per cent in 2003, 43 per cent in 2004 but by 2009 there was a 19 per cent decrease. This was during the global economic downturn and reflected in their financial statement. Despite that, its clear that the company was very profitable. Their earnings increased 24 per cent and are forecasted to reach 20 per cent by the end of the fiscal year 2013. Financial ObservationsBelow are observations on Ciscos last Financial Results for Q2 2013 releasedFebruary 13, 2013. Cisco reported so far a very strong FY 2013 earnings, maintaining their leadership positions in key areas of IT infrastructure such as Switches and Routers, while the firms financial strength in terms of cash flow allow them to catch up and surpass other companies in areas such as Wireless, where it wasnt initially a market leader.Figure 11The data above, (Figure 11) illustrates Q2 net sales of $12.098 billion, with an increase of 5% year over year. GAAP net income and GAAP earnings per share, for the minute of arc quarter of fiscal 2013, included total tax benefits of approximately $926 zillion or $0.17 per share (Julie Bort, 2013).Product revenue grew 3% while services revenue grew an impressive 10%. Cash flow from operations was well over $3 billion and the company continues its prodigious free cash flow production, which according to Frank Calderoni t he CFO, Cisco Cash is King. It enables us to make bold moves. earthy margins have been very stable around 62% lately for Cisco, exhibiting the strength of the brand versus its competition. concord to the analysts, Ciscos Services business is a key differentiator between it and its competition, and because the margins are higher on Services than Products, the companys total gross margin should continue to improve slightly (Tim Travis, 2013).According to John Chambers, Cisco chairman and chief executive officer Cisco delivered earnings per share this quarter and record revenue for the 8th quarter in a row in a challenging economic environment. We continue to drive the innovation, quality and leadership our customers expect, and we remain focused on consistent returns to our shareholders.Strategic RisksInnovation MomentumAccording to Forbes magazine Cisco lost its innovation momentum and thats because they relied more on external acquisitions for new productdevelopment the reliance on external rather than internal sources of innovation, e.g., the purchase of start-ups with promising products.The problem with this strategy, however, is that it is costly, destructive, and unsustainable. It is costly because the would-be acquirers end up buying start-ups that fail to give any marketable products. It is destructive because it eventually distances would-be acquirers from their end customers. It is unsustainable because it often ends up fuelling bidding wars, as the owners of these smaller companies demand higher and higher bounty to compensate them for the risks they assume. (Panos Mourdoukoutas, 2012) Acquisition StrategyOver the period 1993-2013, Cisco acquired one hundred and fifty six companies. Some of the latest acquisitions are Meraki (2012) operating in the Wired and Wireless Cloud networking market, SolveDirect (2013) operating in the Cloud Services market, Intucell (2013) operating in the Mobile Software marketetc.By relaying your company strategy only o n acquisition you forget to cultivate innovation and creativity across your own organisation and we believe that Cisco strategy in the long run might bounce back as a failure and affect their core competencies. Core CompetenciesBy definition the core competencies describe an organization from its competition. The Core Competencies create a companys competitive advantage in the marketplace and typically, a core competency refers to a companys set of skills or experience in some activity, rather than physical or financial assets.If we look at the case study (Indu, 2010) and where Cisco stands today within the IT market, we realise indeed that their resources in terms of reputation, brand, financial assets and products are still strong, but in terms of capabilities and talent which help to sustain innovation as a key differentiator between market leaders and their rivals, they have chosen the wrong path. New MarketsThere is no interrogation that Chambers is a successful CEO. This can be seen in Ciscos last years financial statements but since Cloud computing technology has gone mainstream and greater use of mobile telephony networks. Cisco has been unable to innovate, launch and grow new markets for services or applications. According to Forbes Magazine, Chambers has reorganized the company 3 times but it has been much like rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic Lots of confusion, but no improvement in results (Adam Hartung, 2012). Strategic VisionAnother risk to be noted is the Where to go vision distraction and lack of a long-term vision adopted by Cisco is a major risk for the company. In one of his statements, Chambers said I dont make my decision on the next quarter or on the next year. I make my decision three or five years out so I do not adjust my strategy based on whats the spending is going to be next quarter or three quarters.With instability shown in the financial markets for the last couple of years and the prolonged economic recession along with low consumer confidence there is a disjoint with Chambers strategic statements. Consumer Market PenetrationCiscos growth has been based on a strategy of acquisitions. The main reason behind this was the penetration or enlargement of new market opportunities. Cisco have made several ambitious moves into the markets for enterprise tablets, video conferencing and consumer products. Some of these decisions have been ineffective in competing in these markets. In some cases, due to excessive prices and faster development and deployment cycles of competitors.In todays competitive tech environment those who are slow in legal transfer innovation and new products to the market will fail to succeed. An example of reinventing the wheel could be Ciscos Flip camcorder which they acquired in 2009 from Pure Digital. The product failed and the $590 million investment was lost.Customers needs are constantly changing and want their technology suppliers to offer those sophisticated services and equipment. Like other tech giants, Cisco is try to adapt to changing market conditions and demand in terms of technology and products. Building RevenueErik Suppiger, an analyst with JMP Securities in San FranCisco, said Cisco did a good job managing costs, and keeping their margins up, but theres a lot of concern about what they can do to build revenue. Building a cloud and wireless business eats into your traditional product lines. If you have a wireless laptop, you dont need a desktop computer connected to your office network (Quentin Hardy, 2013).It seems that Chambers, who has led Cisco for 18 years, is well aware of this problem, in one of the latest interviews he said Wed gotten too fat. And when you get fat, youre slow in decision-making. It had been so easy to say were the best in our industry, we dont need to change, but thats just now how you disappear (Charlie Rose, 2012). Although Cisco reported Q2 earnings more than Wall Street expected, Chambers warned of a challengi ng economic environment. DistinctionConsidering Ciscos latest acquisitions (Intucell, Jan 2013 Solve Direct, March 2013) in mobile software and cloud services, there are signs of progress. However, it is unclear whether Cisco will succeed before Chambers retires in two to four years. His greatest achievement may be building software and services that are distinct from its existing core competencies and product line. shutdownAfter in depth analysis of Ciscos strategic management practices it is clear the company is not without its faults. People in the business fellowship do not agree with some of the strategic decisions made by chambers and this has in some cases lead to a lack of confidence in the companys progress.Its also worth mentioning the workforce have ranked the company low in terms of great place to work scores. Acquisitions prevent entrepreneurship, andthe lack of solid competition has meant that it is unclear whether Cisco would be able to cope with less of the market s hare if another big player offering cheaper products was to gain momentum.However, Cisco is a large company with a huge workforce, a substantial stockpile of cash and assets, strong share price and excellent revenue. So for the time being, Chambers and Cisco, have put their critics in their place.ReferencesJim Duffy. (2009). HPs 3Com acquisition An inside look. open http//www.networkworld.com/news/2009/111309-hp-3com-haas.html?nwwpkg=hp. decease accessed March 2013.John Dix. (2009). HP puts the net pedal to the metal. visible(prenominal) https//www.networkworld.com/news/2009/091409-haas.html. Last accessed March 2013.wikipedia. (2013). HP puts the net pedal to the metal.Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Hewlett-Packard. Last accessed March 2013.wikipedia. (2013). Juniper Networks.Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_NetworksMajor_acquisitions. Last accessed March 2013.Colleen Nichols. (2013). JUNIPER NETWORKS ACQUIRES ADVANCED VIDEO DELIVERY TE CHNOLOGY FROM BLACKWAVE. Available http//juniper.mwnewsroom.com/manual-releases/2010/Juniper-Networks-Acquires-Advanced-Video-Delivery-. Last accessed March 2013.Burt, Jeffrey. (2013). Juniper Buys Ankeena to Help Compete with Cisco. Availablehttp//www.eweek.com/c/a/Enterprise-Networking/Juniper-Buys-Ankeena-to-Help-Compete-with-Cisco-161910/ Last accessed March 2013.wikipedia. (2013). Polycom.Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolycomAcquisitions. Last accessed March 2013.Cisco. (2013). Business Designation.Available http//www.Cisco.com/web/about/ac50/ac142/docs/business_designation_us.pdf. Last accessed March 2013.Cisco. (2013). Health & Safety.Available http//www.Cisco.com/web/about/ac50/ac142/docs/health_safety.pdf. Last accessed March 2013.Cisco. (2013). Opensource.Available http//www.Cisco.com/web/about/doing_business/open_source/source/index.html. Last accessed March 2013wikipedia. (2013). List of acquisitions by Cisco Systems. Available http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of _acquisitions_by_Cisco_Systems. Last accessed March 2013.google. (2013). Finance.Available https//www.google.com/finance.Last accessed March 2013.tradingeconomics.com. (2013). -.Available http//www.tradingeconomics.com.Last accessed March 2013.Mourdoukoutas, Panos. (2013). Two strategy lessons for Cisco Systems. Availablehttp//www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2011/09/13/two-strategy-lessons-for-Cisco-systems/. Last accessed March 2013.Hartung, Adam. (2012 ). Oops pentad CEOs Who Should Have Already Been Fired (Cisco, GE, WalMart, Sears, Microsoft). Available http//www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2012/05/12/oops-5-ceos-that-should-have-already-been-fired-Cisco-ge-walmart-sears-microsoft/. Last accessed 30th March 2013.Rose, Charlie. (2012). Charlie Rose Talks to Ciscos John Chambers. Available http//www.businessweek.com/ obligates/2012-04-19/charlie-rose-talks-to-Ciscos-john-chambers. Last accessed 1st April 2013.Little, Ken. (2012). Understanding Price to Earnings Ratio. Av ailable http//stocks.about.com/od/evaluatingstocks/a/pe.htm. Last accessed 30th March 2013.Colombo, Jesse. (2012). The Dot-com Bubble.Available http//www.stock-market-crash.net/dot-com-bubble/. Last accessed 30th March 2013.Bort, Julie. (2013). Cisco Beats On Earnings, Is Right In Line For Revenue. Available http//www.businessinsider.com/Cisco-beats-on-earnings-is-right-in-line-for-revenue-2013-2. Last accessed 30th March 2013.Mourdoukoutas, Panos. (2012). Why Apple, Google, and Corning have an Innovation Edge over Cisco and Hewlett-Packard?. Available http//www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2012/01/23/why-apple-google-and-corning-have-an-innovation-edge-over-Cisco-and-hewlett-packard/. Last accessed 31st March 2012.Travis, Tim. (2013). 12 Years After The Bubble Cisco Is Ripe For The Taking Update. Availablehttp//seekingalpha.com/article/1183801-12-years-after-the-bubble-Cisco-is-ripe-for-the-taking-update. Last accessed 30th March 2013.Hardy, Quentin. (2013). Cisco Struggles to Adapt, Even as Profit Rises. Available http//www.nytimes.com/2013/02/14/business/Cisco-tops-expectations-with-rise-in-profit-of-44.html. Last accessed 1st April 2013.P, Indu . (2010). Cisco strategy in recessionary times. Under the direction of Vivek GuptaCisco OverviewCisco OverviewAppendix AIn 1984, a small group of computer scientists, namely Leonard Bosack, Sandy Lerner and Richard Troiano, created an Internet Operating System in San Jose. This OS was loaded into a box for routing and facilitated the communication between two computers. Its interesting to note that In search of Excellence (1982, Peters and Waterman) states that one of the key themes for a successful company are to stick to the knitting. In other words stay with the core business. Cisco, since 1984 have done just that.Their popularity grew and they implemented an FTP site to allow customers and developers to access a DB of bug information. By 1990 the company had gone public and had sales in the region of $70m with a net income of almost $14m. They had massive amounts of support centre calls, and supplied routers to the biggest players in the telecom world at the time.By 1992, Fortunes second fastest growing company in the US, had achieved sales of almost $340m, and had branched out to Europe and beyond. In 1993 they again showed strong customer focus by creating bug tracking systems, to support large corporation who used their products.In 1993 the company completed their first large scale acquisition of Crescendo communications for $95m and the following year New Port solutions for $93m. These were the first in a long list of acquisitions for Cisco and by the mid 90s the company had a strong brand signature, excellent customer focus and a global footprint.By 1999, the company had revenues of over $12bn. This surge continued and in 2000 market capitalization grossed over $450bn. The company acquired over 40 companies over these 2 years, and demand was so high the production of equipment could not meet the customer demands. Customers began to look elsewhere, and at the same time the cracks in the IT market began to show.Cisco began stock piling, which was not in keeping with their practices, and in the ensuing recession, the company were forced to downsize, with 8500 job losses, and reported loses of almost $2.7bn, a complete reversal of the growth and fortunes up to that time.Figure 12Figure 12With John Chambers at the helm, the company drastically slowed down acquisitions, reduced the number of suppliers and resellers and began to steadily grow the company once again, and by 2009 emerged as a pioneer in data management with 75% of the worlds data being managed in some form by the company.One of the few companies to successfully withstand economic slowdown, Cisco, at present sits at number 64 of the fortune 500 list, with total equity of $51bn and 73k+ employees worldwide.Appendix BEarnings GrowthEarnings GrowthAcquisitions

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Jainism and Buddhism

Buddhism and Jainistism are the two branches of the Shramana tradition that still populate today. Jainism is largely confined to India, whereas Buddhism has only flourished abroad. However the two traditions share famed similarities A shramana (Sanskrit srama?a , Pali sama?a) is a wandering monk in certain ascetic traditions of ancient India including Jainism, Buddhism, and Ajivika religion (now extinct). Famous srama?a include religious leading Mahavira and Gautama Buddha. Traditionally, a srama?a is one who renounces the world and leads an ascetic life for the purpose of spiritual development and liberation.Typically srama?as assert that human beings are responsible for their make deeds and reap the fruits of those deeds, for good or ill. Liberation, therefore, may be achieved by any personify irrespective of caste, creed, color or culture (in contrast to certain historical caste-based traditions) providing the needful effort is made. Jain philosophy Jainism derives its philo sophy from the teachings and lives of the twenty-four Tirthankaras (ford-makers or enligtened teachers), of whom Mahavira was the last.Jain Acaryas Umasvati (Umasvami), Kundakunda, Haribhadra, Yasovijaya Ga?i and otherwises further developed and reorganized Jain philosophy in its chip in form. The distinguishing features of Jain philosophy are its belief in the independent instauration of soul and matter, predominance of karma, the denial of a creative and omnipotent God, belief in an eternal and uncreated humanity, a strong emphasis on non-violence, an accent on relativity and multiple facets of truth, and morality and ethics based on liberation of the soul.The Jain philosophy of Anekantavada and Syadvada, which posits that the truth or reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is the complete truth, have made precise important contributions to ancient Indian philosophy, especially in the areas of skepticism and relativit y. 8 Buddhist philosophy Main article Buddhist philosophy Buddhist philosophy is a system of beliefs based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, a Nepali prince later known as the Buddha.Buddhism is a non-theistic philosophy, one whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or nonexistence of a God or gods and which denies the existence of a creator god. The question of God is largely irrelevant in Theravada Buddhism, though roughly sects of Mahayana Buddhism, notably Tibetan Buddhism and most of East Asian Buddhism (in the Shurangama Mantra and Great Compassion Mantra) do regularly practice with a number of gods (as Dharmapalas and Wrathful Deities, Four supernal Kings, and Five Wisdom Kings) drawn from both the Mahayana Sutras and Buddhist Tantras sometimes combined with local indigenous belief systems.The Buddha criticized all concepts of metaphysical being and non-being. A major distinguishing feature of its philosophy is the rejection (anatman) of a permanen t, self-existent soul (atman). Difference Between Buddhism And Jainism On Karma Buddhism Buddhism believes in the universality of Karma, which is a result of ones action. Jainism Jainism also believes in the universality of karma and its aftermath on human beings. But, unlike Buddhism, karma, according to Jainism, is not a mere effect of ones actions, but a real substance that flows into each individual body or jiva.This karmic substance remains with a being until good conduct and self purification eliminates them. On Soul Buddhism According to Buddhism, soul is an individuality that does exist in plants and animals, but not in non-living or inanimate things. Jainism According to Jainism, soul is present in every animate and inanimate object of the universe including its elements earth, water, wind, fire and air. On The Status And Evolution of Individual Beings Buddhism later Nirvana, there is no soul, but the individuality of an individual that passes into nothingness, w hich is beyond any description and speculation. Jainism After Nirvana, the soul continues to remain as an individual soul, but in the highest state of purity and enlightenment. Survival And Disappearence Over a period of time, while Buddhism disappeared from the Indian soil, Jainism survived in India, with its teachings intact, mostly untouched by the overwhelming philosophy and practices of Hinduism, at the same time imparting to the later some of its noblest ideas.Besides, a major difference lies in the dominions of both the religions. Though both, Buddhism and Jainism, originated and developed individually in the same geographical area of India, but difference lies in their spread. While Buddhism crossed the frontiers of its motherland and went to other parts of the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, far eastern countries, and parts of North America and Europe as well, whereas Jainism, on the other hand, remained confined to India, the land of its origin.

Chitizenship Coursework

On the Monday 19th January we headstrong to go to meadow Primary School, which is mine and Katies old simple inculcate, to verbalise to a class of year 4 children close why we need trees. The group of children where speci for each oney selected by the Headmaster as they had recently been on a trip that had a lot to do with nature and convolute numerous nature based activities.Our initiation included a short PowerPoint launching on the topic we had chosen which was Why we need trees, and asking the children to serve up whatever questions at the end on the topic, using the information that was tenderd in the display and most booklets that we had alike made and provided. These included some information, questions and other activities, as well as a web site where they could catch up with to a largeer extent information. We where beforehand departure to plant a tree with the children as well, but because of unfortunate rainy weather we where non able to as the groun d was to muddy and slippery. draw and quarter your Role As my part I introduced who we where, why we where here and what we had come to talk closely. I as well as talked ab bulge the contents of slides 1-8, as we decided to talk about the slides that we made, mine being about why trees argon important to our and other animals survival. The slides did not only founder information on but to a fault some questions that I asked them to see how much they knew already and to get them involved to interests them more than as I did not cipher they would be to interested with us just talking for about half an hour as the children between ages of 8 and 9.As we where early finishing I also took part in quizzing the children on the presentation, which was actu whollyy quite a faithful method to find out what they learnt, which in turn helped see how interesting and helpful our presentation was. training Stages We decided to do our presentation when we where looking through a booklet in o ur PSHCE lesson, that had suggestions in of what we could do for our coursework. We decided this could be fun for both the children and us and be an opportunity to see how well we can interact with children.We discussed a take aim that would be appropriate for us to go to and past got in reach out with the head master by writing a letter. After he replied saying he would like us to go and see him, me and Katie went to see him to consecrate him in more venereal disease about our intensions. After he said we would be allowed, we started preparing our presentation. We told him about the woodlands trust, and asked them if it would be ok to set up a instill planting program. This would mean they would get tree, plants, and shrubs sent to them, which they could plant on the school grounds.This was also, where we got the trees that we would be planting from. After we finished the presentation and booklets, Katie and I went back to Meadow to arrange a date when we could go, and the g roup of students we would be presenting it to. Many different factors affected this as we where hoping to do it on a Monday afternoon when we had PSHCE as then we would not have to miss any of our other lessons, but it also had to be appropriate for the school, as we could not do it before Christmas as they had school plays and where doing other activities.The Headmaster also had important meetings, and wanted to see us do the presentation as well. My ploughshare My contribution to the planning was helping to drop a line the letter to the lord of Meadow Primary School telling him of our intensions and asking if we could go and see him to explain in more detail and hopefully get his permission to prepare and give a presentation on our chosen topic. When he replied I went to see him along with Katie to explain in more detail and get permission to give the presentation, and to arrange a group of children who we would be giving our presentation to.Once we knew this I started making s lide 1-8 of the presentation. To do this I looked on the tree for all website to get some ideas and information about what I could include, along with various other websites that provided information about our chosen topic. Contribution of Others The rest of my group done very similar work to me as we wanted to make for certain the work was split equally between us, and that we where all happy with what we where doing. As I mentioned before we all contributed to helping write the letter as we knew it would be important to get a reply.Katie came with me to see the headmaster to organise dates etc and explain in more detail about what we wanted to do. She also created the next part of the business office point which was slides 9-16 which where about what problems where being caused receivable to at that place being less trees, and why they where being cut down. She also researched information on the internet a created slides 17-22 which where about what we could do to help and als o a slide on the woodlands trust website as they played an important part I our talk.Kelly made the booklets that we gave to the children using the information that we invest on the indicant point, and also finding pictures and activities that would help make the booklet more interesting. As we also wanted to plant a tree we got together to talk about where we could get one from, and decided that we talk to the headmaster of meadow about getting involved with the tree for all program which meant they would be sent boxes of trees, hedges, shrubs etc that would be at a suitable size to plant.He said that they where interested in doing this and was sent the box of plant life, and allowed us to plant one of them each instead of having to buy our own. Activity Log Activity Group/Individual Date Writing a letter to the headmaster Group 3/11/08 Meeting the headmaster to organise details Group 14/11/08 9/01/09 Researching information for the topics we where doing Individual 14/11/08 -06/ 12/08 Creating slides in the PowerPoint or booklets Group/Individual 14/11/08 -06/12/08 Talking about the presentation Group/Individual 19/01/09 Asking questions Group/Individual 19/01/09We image educating children about the value of trees would be a good idea because there where lots of things to talk about especially as issues such as global warming are now becoming a problem. We decided to talk to a group of younger children as we felt it would be more interesting for them and they would be more likely to listen and get involved. I also relish it is important to educate the children at an earlier age, so they volition interested in helping by recycling, turning of lights etc at an earlier age, and get into a routine of it so it leave alone carry on when they are older.Even though there was quite a bit of work involved I am unperturbed glad I decided to do the project because both the group and the children found it fun, although it was a bit disappointing that we did not get to plant the trees. When the headmaster replied to our letter, me and Katie went to see him which although was a bit daunting, it was also very helpful as he gave us some ideas and tips that could help us prepare the presentation and improve our work, which soon made us feel much better about going to see him again.Going to see the headmaster also helped me to see what it would be like in the future going to see an employer as I now know what its like to be questioned about what I want to do. I was so relived when he said yes because it was a school I was familiar with and also one of the easiest to get to, which made everything a lot easier to organise. It took quite a long time to prepare the presentation as we had to fit it all together, and find times when we all could get together at the end to edit the power point and make sure we all impression it was informational, yet not to complicated for the children to understand.We also had to make sure the booklets where information al yet fun so the children will take interest in them. A lot of the information we included we thought of ourselves, but researched facts that we could include to show them more clearly how bad problems like global warming and disforestation where getting, but telling them other things like what we can do to help we came up with ourselves from things we already knew.Team work played an important part in our project as we had to all do equal parts in order to make it fair, but we also had to be happy with the part we where habituated which we where. On my own it would have taken me much longer to do and also would have been more scary to do the presentation, so Im glad I was able to work in a team as it made the experience more enjoyable. List of Supporting Evidence We have kept a copy the letter we wrote to the headmaster as proof of our visit, and we have also kept copies of the power point presentation and booklets.We where also given some copies of the garner that the headmaste r sent out to the parents of the children to make them aware of our visit and our intentions, which has his signature and contact details of the school. There where also other documents that where created whilst organising dates etc which the headmaster, but we have not included them as they where just notes as a reminder of the date and time and other details like what age the children where.The power point was in reality just a background that would help us to give our speeches by showing facts and other details, and it also make the talk more interesting for the children, as we used bright colours and pictures. We choose a green theme as we thought that would be the most appropriate colour, and included pictures of animals as we told of how they could be affected if all the trees where cut down, because I debate it is important the children know the effects global warming and deforestation has on the animals, as well as ourselves.I think creating the power point was the delica teest part, because we had to make informational, but complicated to understand, which meant we had to be careful about what we talked about and our vocabulary, because if we mentioned something or said words that the children did not understand they would become confused, so we asked other people like our parents what they thought before we went back to tell him it was finished.The booklets where something we made as an extra for the for the children and consisted of activities like dot to sots and bullet pointed some information and facts that where mentioned during the presentation. We made them as an encouragement for children to do something more, like convincing their parents to recycle more etc, as they would be able to call back facts and what they can do to help better. We also included the Tree for All website on them, so they will be able to go on there and get more information and ideas. Use of Supporting EvidenceI think writing the letter to the headmaster was the most important part of our work, because without it we would not have been able to do our presentation, and may have ended up doing something else, which would have been really disappointing. The power point was also important as it helped preclude the children from getting bored, as well as reminding us what to say by showing facts and information, as without we would have had to memorise a speech which would have been hard to remember and probably quite boring for the children, which would have made it quite nerve wrecking and probably not as enjoyable.I also think it was better that we made booklets for them even thought they where not necessary, as it meant the children would be more likely to get involved as they had something that could tell them how, and them doing something like, turning of lights, recycling, etc would still be and achievement as our aim wasnt just to inform, but to try and convince them to get involved.Once we finished the presentation we questioned the child ren on what they had learnt, and this proved that we where victorious in capturing their interest, as we where afraid of none of them getting involved and putting their hands up, but many of them did which was very pleasing as it meant our visit has had some kind of effect. Doing this presentation has also taught me some new things, especially when we where creating the power point, for example I now know that the virago Rainforest gives us more than 20% of our oxygen, and that nearly half of it has been cut down.I found this quite shocking, and it made me realise just how bad things are getting environmentally, and made me think more about what could be drastic effects that these damages could have, like more illnesses collectible to less trees removing the air pollution. I am really foiled that we did not get to plant the trees as it would have been nice to give them and example, and it would have been a new experience for me, and a lot of the children who have neer planted a tree before, although hopefully they will get chances in the future now that the school is getting trees to plant from the woodlands trust.I hope that they will enjoy doing this and that our visit will encourage them to do things outside of school and suggest ideas to any outer school clubs they go to, or get involved with activities and events that go on at bottom the community. Evaluation of my Own Contribution I think I done my role within the group well because I created my faire share of slides for the power point, and helped organise the presentation, which meant going to meadow primary after school, as well as working on the slides.I also helped put the power point together and improve other slides that may have been a bit complicated. I think the amount of work we done was all fair and equal and I think we done it quite well, and I was especially pleased with how the presentation went as I was really nervous in case they found us boring or would not listen and where badly b ehaved, but luckily we managed t interest them as they where eager to answer the questions, although they could sometimes get a bit chatty when we started discussing things, although I am still really with how well behaved they where.Evaluation of Others Contribution I think everyone in my group worked really well, and I think we functioned well as a group, as we shared the work equally and had now arguments or disagreements about what we where doing , or over who was doing what. I think it was our good teamwork and cooperation that made everything go so well. I think Emma and Katie done a really good job of creating their slides for the power point and explained them in a calm yet interesting way. Kelly also did a really good job with the booklets and finding and creating activities for them.She was also very good with her timing during the presentation as she gave us enough time to do each slide, and also made sure we switched at the right point and stayed within time. I really en joyed working with my friends and am really happy that everything went so smoothly because of our hard work and motivation. For my PSHCE project, me and my friends Kelly, Katie and Emma, wanted to do something to help the environment. We choose to do a project based around trees, as they are an important part to the survival of living things as they provide us with oxygen.They also provide homes and food for animals and resources for us. Due to the air pollution that is given off from transport vehicles, burning fossil fuels to make electricity, etc, as more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, and traps heat emitted by the sun. This is called the greenhouse effect, and trees reduce the problem as they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and give off oxygen. Cutting down the trees therefore speeds up the wait on and can lead to devastating effects like flooding that will be caused by the sea levels rising from the polar ice caps melting from the hotter temperatures .We thought the outgo way to help, would be to inform younger people as hopefully it would interest them at an early age to recycle, turn off lights and electric appliances when there not being used, etc, and they would also encourage their parents and brothers and sisters to do the same. We decided the best way to do this would be to go to a primary school and give a small presentation and give out some booklets about trees, why they are important, what is happening and what we can do to help.We also thought that planting a tree with them would be a fun example and reminder of what they can do to help, as they would then see the trees everyday. The school we decided to contact was Meadow Primary School because it was near by and mine and Katies old primary school, so we already knew the headmaster and the contact details. We decided the best way to contact him would be through a letter so we wrote one together explain what we wanted to do, why and what it involved.I put my earpho ne number on the letter, and a couple of days later, he phoned us saying that he would be happy to let us give our presentation, and that we should go and see him after school to arrange some details. Me and Katie went because it was inconvenient for Emma and Kelly as they lived quite far away. Once there we talked about the details like when we should visit, which was rather Monday afternoon as that is when we have PSHCE and so we would not be missing any of our other lessons.We also discussed which class we would be talking to and decided that our talk would fit in best with a group of year fours who had recently been on a school trip which had involved them learning about nature. everywhere the next week we created a power point presentation and some booklets. We decided to split the power point presentation into three sections, and we would each babble out about the part that we done. I would be talking about why trees are important and where they are being cut down.Katie was talking about the problems slickness down trees was causing, and why they where being cut down, and Emma talked about what can be done to help. I got information of various websites which helped me to include some facts and figures, like who the Amazon Rainforest gives us 20% of our oxygen. As we where talking to children between the ages of we had to be careful of the language we used and how we phrased things, as they would not know as many words as us, and so may not understand if we said something that we had been taught in our lessons at school.I found this a bit difficult as when I am usually describing something, I like to use a wider vocabulary and try to make it very detailed, but as I had to do the opposite of this, I found I had to keep asking people for their opinion of whether the children would be able to understand, as although we did want to teach them something new, we thought it would be difficult and confusing for them to learn too many new words.When everyone h ad finished their part, we fitted the power point together and changed everything so it matched. We also read through it redaction and adding in bits, like questions each part offered ideas from all of us making it better. When we where finished we gave Kelly the presentation so she would have the information she needed to create the booklets, which I think she done really well, as she found and created lots of activities for the children to enjoy.When we where happy with our final editing, me and Katie went back to Meadow to arrange a date for our visit, but due to the time we had some trouble, as we where doing exams, and they had Christmas plays, so we went back after Christmas and arranged the date for the 9th January. On the day we left our fourth lesson early, to get to Meadow before half two so we could prepare the presentation. While we where talking, the children where very quite and didnt talk at all, which although this was really good as showed they where listening, I d id worry that they may be too shy or uninterested to answer the questions, but this was not the case.We found the children answered the questions with a lot of enthusiasm which was really pleasing as it showed they where interested in helping the environment, and capturing their interest was something we wanted to achieve. As it was to wet to plant the trees, instead we decided to spend the last 15 minuets questioning the children about the presentation, which I think went really well as like before, the children where all enthusiastic to answer the questions we asked, and gave us many of the points that where included in the power point.This was great as it showed that they had been listening and showed they where interested in the environment. I think that everything was really well although it was really disappointing that we did not get to plant the trees as it would have been fun and a great experience for us and the children, but we did get the satisfaction of knowing that the y would be planting them some other time, and that they had learnt something.They also seemed to be really interested in the booklets that we made which was pleasing as hopefully they will have taken them home and done the activities and even tried some of the activities we recommended. I also hope that they will have tried to influence their parents and their siblings to help by turning of lights and recycling, as this could spread out through out the community and encourage many more people to start helping, which could have an impact on the amount of trees that are being planted and cut down.