Swot Analysis Is Use For Strategic Planning Marketing Essay

Swot Analysis Is Use For Strategic Planning Marketing Essay Introduction In a business world the strategic planning is necessary for running organisation successfully and meet their objective as well. The strategic planning is done in numerous way, all are beneficial for the business. For this such an analysis is need to done in organisation such as, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, etc. Such an analysis is done within the organisation and some of the analysis is done in outside of the organisation. As in SWOT analysis the strengths and weakness is the analysis which made inside in organisation and opportunities and threats are the analysis of outside the organisation. In this report major part is shown on SWOT analysis. The company is taken as example is General Electric. This report shows the SWOT analysis performance on General Electric. The advantages and limitation of General Electric during SWOT analysis is also shown in this report. SWOT Analysis In the business and organisation for all sorts of situations the SWOT analysis is the useful tool as an unusually for caring and administrative. SWOT is a short form for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. A good framework is provided by the headings of SWOT analysis for re-evaluate direction, position and strategy of a business or industry plan, or any other idea. It is so simple to complete a SWOT analysis, and for the workshop sitting it is an excellent subject. This SWOT analysis is also works well in brainstorming convention. SWOT analysis is use for strategic planning, marketing, competitor evaluation, business planning, product development and research and business reports. The SWOT analysis is also use as games of team building exercises. A SWOT analysis measures a business unit, a proposition or idea. A SWOT analysis is a subjective assessment of data which are organized by the SWOT format into a logical order that helps understanding, presentation, discussion and decision-making. The four dimensions are useful extension of a basic two heading list of pros and cons. SWOT analysis can be used for all sorts of decision-making, and the SWOT template enables proactive thinking, rather than relying on habitual or instinctive reactions. The SWOT analysis template is normally presented as a grid, comprising four sections, one for each of the SWOT headings: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. The free SWOT template below includes sample questions, whose answers are inserted into the relevant section of the SWOT grid. The questions are examples, or discussion points, and obviously can be altered depending on the subject of the SWOT analysis. Note that many of the SWOT questions are also talking points for other headings use them as you find most helpful, and make up your own to suit the issue being analysed. It is important to identify clearly the subject of a SWOT analysis, because a SWOT analysis is a perspective of one thing, be it a company, a product, a proposition, and idea, a method, or option, etc. SWOT issues into actions under the six categories Albert Humphrey advocated that the six categories: Product (what are we selling?) Process (how are we selling it?) Customer (to whom are we selling it?) Distribution (how does it reach them?) Finance (what are the prices, costs and investments?) Administration (and how do we manage all this?) Provide a framework by which SWOT issues can be developed into actions and managed using teams. This can be something of a leap, and so the stage warrants further explanation. Translating the SWOT issues into actions, are best sorted into (or if necessary broken down into) the six categories, because in the context of the way that business and organisations work, this makes them more quantifiable and measurable, responsible teams more accountable, and therefore the activities more manageable. The other pivotal part in the process is of course achieving the commitment from the team(s) involved, which is partly explained in the item summarising Humphreys TAM ® model and process. As far as identifying actions from SWOT issues is concerned, it all very much depends on your reasons and aims for using SWOT, and also your authority/ability to manage others, whom by implication of SWOTs breadth and depth, is likely to be involved in the agreement and delivery of actions. Depending on pretext and situation, a SWOT analysis can produce issues which very readily translate into (one of the six) category actions, or a SWOT analysis can produce issues which overlay a number of categories or a mixture. Whatever, SWOT essentially tells you what is good and bad about a business or a particular proposition. If its a business, and the aim is to improve it, then work on translating: Strength (maintains, build and leverage), Opportunities (Prioritise and optimise), Weakness (remedy or exit), Threats (counter) Into actions (each within one of the six categories) that can be agreed and owned by a team or number of teams. If the SWOT analysis is being used to assess a proposition, then it could be that the analysis shows that the proposition is too weak (especially if compared with other SWOTs for alternative propositions) to warrant further investment, in which case further action planning, other than exit, is not required. This is my understanding of Albert Humphreys theory relating to developing SWOT issues into organisational change actions and accountabilities. (Im pleased to say that Albert kindly confirmed that this is indeed correct.) There are other ways of applying SWOT of course, depending on your circumstances and aims, for instance if concentrating on a department rather than a whole business, then it could make sense to revise the six categories to reflect the functional parts of the department, or whatever will enable the issues to be translatable into manageable, accountable and owned aims. Simple framework of SWOT analysis is a generating strategic alternative from a situation analysis. This analysis is either applicable to the business unit level or corporate level and in marketing plans it appears frequently. The Council of General Electric Growth used this analysis form because it concentrate on the issue that potentially have the most collision, when there is a limited time amount is available for addressing a complex strategic situation the SWOT analysis is useful. The diagram of SWOT analysis and how it fits into situation of strategic analysis is shown below. Situation Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     / Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚   /   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strengths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚   The large amount of information can produced by the internal and external situation analysis, among them may not be highly relevant. To reduce the information to a convenient amount of key issue the analysis of SWOT can serve as an interpretative filter. The SWOT analysis classifies the internal aspects of the company as strengths or weaknesses and the external situational factors as opportunities or threats. Strengths can serve as a foundation for building a competitive advantage, and weaknesses may hinder it. By understanding these four aspects of its situation, a firm can better leverage its strengths, correct its weaknesses, capitalize on golden opportunities, and deter potentially devastating threats. General Electric (GE) is a manufacturing company functioning in a range of section. For use in wind turbines, aircraft, water systems, natural gas and oil compressors and more, its infrastructure section produces jet engines and related parts. To end users it is various financial services is offered by the Commercial Finance segment. Financial services to the retailers and consumers are provided by the GE Money section. Equipment which use in medical field is manufactured by the Healthcare section and the television network services is provided by its NBC Universal section. The Industrial section offers lamps, commercial lighting systems, home appliances, motor and control systems and many others. Internal Analysis For internal analysis we can say that it is a complete assessment of the internal environments prospective weaknesses and strengths. Across the organisation it should be appraising such factors in areas such as: Company image Organisational structure Key staff Brand awareness Access to natural resources Company culture Operational capacity Exclusive contracts Operational efficiency Financial resources Position on the experience curve Patents and trade secrets Market share As a list of weakness and strengths it is review the inner factors by the SWOT analysis. External Analysis To make better profits it is the ability to set up service or a new product which this is known as an opportunity. When changes happen in the external environment then opportunities can occur. These numerous changes can be apparent as threats to the market position of running goods and may require a change in creation provision or the expansion of new goods in order for the firm to stay competitive. The external environment changes may be associated to: Competitors Customers Suppliers Market trends Partners As a list of threats and opportunities the external factors of environmental is analysed and summarized by SWOT analysis. Strengths The positive essentials of an organisation or business are their strengths, it is in under their control and they do something well. The strengths are valued to the business or a group, and it can give the edge over the competitors in some areas. The main strengths of GE is outline below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The major plus point of General Electric is having alliances with other strong and popular businesses. It helps GE to get in new customers and make company further successful. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The key to their success for General Electric is to being as a market leader, is as it improve status, market share and earnings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electric provide and offered original and good products and services, to obtain them General Electrical make most people return to them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The main key of General Electric is their most experienced employees which help GE to drive them forward with capability and knowledge. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The other strength of General Electric is its high class machinery, well known staff, good infrastructure offices and equipment. It ensures the job is done to the greatest standard. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regarding profit and sales the General Electric major strength is its wide customer base. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The reputation of General Electric is powerfully popular, which means people believe in it and it is viewed with the respect. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electric being strong as financial, this helps them to deal and solve any problems which arise. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electrics essential strength is its strong brand as it is appreciated and accepted. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electric has the market share with high percentage, which means GE is to the lead of numerous competitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To ensure that the customers be returns, General Electric have high quality services and/or products as a fundamental strength. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ International operations of GE signify customers base wider, a stronger brand and a greater large piece of the international market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electrics innovation and development are high with observe to their services and/or products. It is the strength of its overall performance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electric has a high and strong market position. This is the major strength in this type of industrial area as they are in front of numerous rivals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ GE is in front of numerous competitors as their online presence is strong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ GEs Research and development department is strong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Number of business acquired by GE. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ GEs profits and revenues are high. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Its culture and organisational structure is strong. Weaknesses Under their control as organisation or business, their weaknesses are the things which need to be performed better or to be improved. Weaknesses makes the company in behind with the competitors or may be it stop company to meet their objectives. In this section it is shown the weakness which present in General Electric à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The performance of General Electric is not mark able in Asian market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General Electrical is did not keep and not meet with demand because they have a stock problem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to the financial recession the stock prices is low. Opportunities Opportunities are the external changes which trends or needs that could improve the company or organisations tactical place, or which could be of a gain to them. The opportunities of the General Electric are shown below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As in the form of training, allowances, grants etc. as governmental support General Electric could benefit from it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An opportunity of technological changes gives the General Electric to strengthen their future achievement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is used to acquire new resources, enter in new market and new customers as the merger and takeover opportunities could be discover for General Electric à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Towards the corporate social responsibility GE should have to focus more. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To maintain their position in the market research and development is done. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To improve cash flows they have opportunity to merge and joint venture in Asian market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They have the opportunity of look at natural resources to meet their high demands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is positive sign for the General Electric as growth in aviation industry. Threats The factor which place areas of the organisation or company risky or may contain damage is called as threats. These factors are outside of the companys control. The main threats of the General Electric are outline below. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It require spent the money on regulations or taken the measure which could put pressure on General Electric as financial or other. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is to be a threat or risk for General Electric as entering of the new competitors in the market and extra competition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Price cuts could reduce the profits for General Electric as the price wars between competitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As fluctuation of currency it may impact on the revenues as General electric is operating in many countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As the other business the same threats of GE is recession. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The biggest threat of the General Electric is the regulation of government because in all over the world GE is the fourth major manufacturer of pollution. Analysis and Benefits of SWOT Analysis It is well-known that General Electric has several strengths that effort to its gain by striking efficiency.   Its worldwide appreciation, competitiveness and strengths put General Electrical at a constructive situation as compared to other businesses in the similar sector.   To manage the expensive business the use of company units for organisation presents an successful way. The option of irresistible senior management through work is not only reduces but it also promotes production rooted in liability accepted from the company division managers.   It extremely contributes to effectiveness while there are many activities undertaken by company.   This is improved with the acquisitions and mergers that have spread the companys manufactured goods range and in sequence foremost to development on returns gain. However the opportunities and strengths have not arrived without constraints.   Different weakness and threats intimidate the concert of the business by presenting constraints on the organisations management.   High levels of rivalry, threat of information loss and financial crises are a threat to the companys endurance.   Weaknesses within the business counting the deprived efficiency of the power division and suppleness threat could collision unhelpfully on the business. The corporation could use the opportunities and strengths to moderate them, in order to decrease the collision of threats and weaknesses.    Multiple Perspectives Needed The quality of the analysis is affected by the method which is used to obtain the inputs to the SWOT matrix. During a speedy discussion with the CEO if the information is obtain hurriedly, although CEO may have a broad view of the corporation and business, the information would signify a single point of view. The excellence of the examination will be better significantly if interview are held with a range of stakeholders such as suppliers, employees, strategic partners, customers, etc. SWOT Analysis Limitations While valuable for sinking a huge amount of situational factors into an additional convenient summary, the SWOT structure has a inclination to generalize the condition by classifying the firms environmental factors into categories in which they may not always fit. The classification of some factors as strengths or weaknesses, or as opportunities or threats is somewhat random. For example, a particular company culture can be either strength or a weakness. A technological change can be a either a threat or an opportunity. Perhaps what are more significant than the external classification of these factors are the firms consciousness of them and its growth of a strategic plan to use them to its benefit. Conclusion As the SWOT analysis issues is sorting into the six planning category these cans get a scheme which present a sensible way of assimilating the internal and external information about the business unit, delineating short and long term priorities, and allowing an easy way to build the management team these cans achieve the objectives of profit growth. This comes within reach of captures the collective agreement and pledge of those who will ultimately have to do the work of meeting or exceeding the objectives finally set. It permits the team leader to define and develop co-ordinated, goal-directed actions, which underpin the overall agreed objectives between levels of the business hierarchy. GE recognizes that part of being successful and well-respected is being socially responsible as well Has huge potential to remain successful without any major threats from competitors Staying Power Will only continue to expand

Internet Vs Newspapers Will Newspapers Disappear Media Essay

Internet Vs Newspapers Will Newspapers Disappear Media Essay Nowadays Internet became a very important part of peoples lives. Gathering news is not the only thing you can do online, todays Internet-services include selling technical devices, clothes and even food, earning and controlling the money, communicating with people all over the world, and many other important things. In modern society you can even find new acquaintances and make friends on the Internet! According to Jonathan Dube [Dube, J. (2010 July, 28). New report: Internet is more important than newspapers, but still not trustworthy. Cyberjournalist.net.], 82% of American population is using the Internet in their daily life. Some people even in AUBG are becoming complete Internet-maniacs; they are sitting in front of their computers all day long. Lots of movies are made on this topic, from Social Network ( the film about the creation of one of the most popular online social network Facebook.) to, I, Robot (this movie is telling us a story about robots which by 2050would have beco me common human assistants.) . New technologies have a great effect on all spheres of peoples life, and the Internet influences all kinds of media. However, newspapers are affected more than magazines, books and other printed issues, because the main purpose of a newspaper is to inform the people about worldwide and local events. If half of century ago newspapers were the only and most convenient source of gathering news, with invasion of the Internet it becomes easier to receive tidings online. I believe that if newspapers dont disappear in the future, they will probably change their format and reduce the number of printed copies. The formats of media are changing not for the first time. According to George Rodman (2009), first newspapers appeared about 1200 years ago. In 1690 the first American newspaper was published in Boston. Later, with the adventure of radio and television, newspapers production gradually started to decline, because it became more efficient and prompt to get breaking news via these new kinds of media. However, TV still didnt have a chance to compete with papers, because papers were providing deeper information. Much bigger stress newspapers felt during 1990s after the appearance of the Internet. About 67 million Americans now read blogs, and 21 million write blogs, creating an explosion of new writers and new forms of customer feedback that did not exist five years ago (pew, 2008). Social networking sites like MySpace or Facebook attact over 70 and 30 million visitors a month, respectively, and businesses are starting to use social networking tools to connect their employees, and managers worldwide, says (Laudon K.C., Laudon J. P. (2010). It seems that recently the whole world is turning online. Nowadays a lot of popular public editions are reducing the number of printed material. The  Detroit Free Press  and  The Detroit News  have cut their home delivery to three days a week and advised readers to find the rest of the news online. (Lieberman, D. 2010, August 11). According the article Will your newspaper be around in five years by Jeremy Porter (2009, June 22) there are 4 main aspects which still keep newspapers alive: content, readers, advertisers and format. At the same time the author disproves all these features and argues that newspapers wont be still published in 5 years. First of all, newspapers dont differ a lot one from another. You can find the same information in the Internet, because most of periodicals, including very popular editions, such as The Wall Street Journal, New York Times or Washington Post, are not only printed, but also published online. Moreover, you can read the overwhelming majority of information online for free, that makes the Internet even more attractive. A reader is the most important concern for a newspaper. Newspapers will have no success without readers. However, more and more people agree that It is nice to have (printed editions), but they can live without (them). Lots of people are becoming Internet-users, and most of Internet users read news online. For example, I myself get new information about events that happen in the world and particularly in me home country by reading short messages on Twitter. As far as I know students in our university dont read newspapers at all, despite rare cases, when we need to find a particular piece of information only in a particular newspaper and nowhere else. One can argue that older generations should be accustomed to the papers and do not want to change anything, but statistics proves the opposite. According to the survey made by Pew Internet and American Life Project the number of Internet users in age group 70-75 increased from 26% to 45% within 4 years. This fact sounds strange, but 4% of Internet users are 73+ years old. Where do newspapers get their revenue? The most logical answer is advertisers. But will advertisers sponsor printed newspapers if they are not that successful? Nowadays, large newspapers in big cities are more in danger than local editions are. It is rather expensive to put your ad in a newspaper, especially when you have a lot of other opportunities: radio, magazines, websites and billboards. Advertisers dont have such a large range of possibilities in a small town, that is why they have to put their promotion to the newspapers in order to reach the audience. This gives local newspapers better chances to survive. (Lieberman, D. 2010, August 11). Newspapers revenue can be made also by online advertisements. It is even more comfortable for both sides, because it is easier to track, how many clicks were made on this link, than to find out how many people actually read a newspaper and paid any attention to advertisements. The last argument is newspapers are not environmentally friendly. It takes tones of wood material, lots of electricity and many delivery tracks to produce and transport the papers. At the same time the Internet is rather ecologically safe, so producing printed periodicals doesnt make any sense from the environmental point of view. Of course, the Internet requires a lot of technical products, such as computers, notebooks, iPads, and others, but producing of these electronic devices will grow despite turning newspapers production online. There is an opinion that good online papers will make you pay for the information, because it takes a lot of efforts and quite a lot of money to get news, create an article according to them and make this article readable. Moreover, some information is really worth paying. Also many generations were paying for news during the papers era, and why do reporters and journalists have to provide the same information for free? However, it might be too late to charge for online content. People have already got used to receiving news for free, and it is rather hard to turn the current situation vice versa. (Porter, J. 2009, June 29). The first reason why some people assume that newspapers will stay alive for a long time is rather low Internet availability in developing countries, and in some of them the situation is not going to be changed in coming decades. According to Internet usage statistics (Internet World Stats) in Middle East, Africa and Oceania/Australia the availability of the Internet is very low, comparing to Asia, Europe and North America. This is the first reason why some people assume that newspapers will stay alive for a long time. Also in local areas printed issues seem to be more convenient. Lets imagine that there is an online resource Blagoevgradonline.bg, which covers latest news of this town. If this site has a success, audience will ask to make this resource printed, because it will be more comfortable for the overwhelming majority of towns population. Another example is our universitys newspaper DeFacto. It was started in 2003 with the website, but the printed version was neglected only in 2007. This shows that the process is reversible; it is not only about turning papers to the web. Phelps Hawkins, Assistant Professor of JMC (Journalism and Mass Communications) Department in AUBG, suppose that humankind will need newspapers anyway, because sometimes we are becoming tired of the Internet. For example, when one is going to the restaurant or goes on a plane, places where it is not convenient or even forbidden to turn notebooks on, waiters or stewards are suggesting some papers to read in order to become familiar with latest news. This kind of service is not going to be changed a lot, thats why newspapers have to exist at least in small amounts. According to Google executive Santiago de la Mora (2010, January 28), Internet will not displace newspapers just as VHS, and later DVD, didnt kill cinema. In his opinion, newspapers have to provide us something that will make people want to read them; and it should be something more than just printing the material. De la Mora is sure that Internet companies dont want to steal newspapers revenue, because first of all, it is publishers material that goes online. Using Googles webmaster tools, publishers can prevent Google from indexing their sites entirely, or they can prevent specific Google services, like Google News, from indexing their content. Yesterday I was talking to my Mom about my research paper, and asked her opinion on the topic. She was hardly urging me that newspapers would not die, because reading a newspaper is sort of ritual, but at the end of our conversation she added: However, newspapers are terribly inconvenient. They are big and smell like a paint. Almost nobody now is listening to music on tape recorders, and very small amount of people is watching movies on VHS. The world is changing very fast; humankind invents newer and newer devices and technologies. However, some people are still listening to music on vinyl. Maybe someday newspapers will become something that reminds people of the past, and collectors will search for old New York Times editions.

Authority in Ozymandias and The Second Coming :: Ozymandias Essays

Authority in Ozymandias and The Second Coming Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ozymandias" portrays the past power of authority symbolized by the once great world power of Egypt. William Butler Yeats' "The Second Coming" portrays the past power religion once had over the world, gradually lost ever since the end of Shelley's era of Romanticism. "Ozymandias" was written in a time when human rule coupled with religious guidance, but was slowly easing away from that old tradition as they entered the highly progressive era of the Victorians. In his poem, Shelley was comparing the formally powerful Egyptian pharaoh's "antique" and prideful form of rule with the unsuccessful future the "traveller" met in the desert with the ruins of the king's "shattered visage" (Longman, Shelley, p. 1710, l. 1 & 4). In a sense, Shelley was also saying that human rulership was just as easily able to fail as the once great and powerful world rule of Egypt once did, for ages. Yeats also is alluding to this idea, but imposing his view on another type of rule once great for hundreds of years of its rulership, that of Christianity or religion in general. In "The Second Coming" he envisions the "falcon" of humanity drifting away and ignoring "the falconer," Christian religions (Longman, Yeats, p. 2329, l. 2). "The falcon cannot hear the falconer;/ Things fall apart" says Yeats, depicting how human reliance on religion has become cold and disinterested in its lead anymore due to human progress of science, thus their loss of reliance and trustworthiness of religion's claims. Both Romantics and Modernists felt loss of authority, either from man or man's religious following. Poetry changed what it focused on as those figures lost respect or importance in the public's lives. I believe Yeats sums up my point partially in lines 19 and 20, "That twenty centuries of stony sleep/ Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle.

The Police Powers of Search, Arrest, and Interrogation Essay examples -

The Powers of Police Individuals have civil rights; people are entitled to be allowed to move freely and to have their person and their property respected. However the police must have sufficient powers to investigate crimes. Therefore Parliament has given the police special powers that can be used in certain circumstances. These powers include the rights to stop and search suspects, to arrest and interview people when necessary and to take fingerprints and samples (blood samples) for scientific analysis. Without the police having these certain powers then it would be nearly impossible to investigate any crimes. But it is also important for the police to remember that, at the same time, they do not unnecessarily harass ordinary people, and that those who are suspects are protected from overzealous police officers. The law on police powers is covered in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (also known as PACE) and the codes of practice under section 66 of PACE. There are five codes, running from code A to E. Code A deals with the powers to stop and search, code B deals with powers to search premises and seize property, code C deals with the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects, code D deals with rules for identification procedures and code E deals with tape-recording of interviews with suspects. This essay will discuss the police powers of search, arrest and interrogation, which are all covered by PACE 1984. The first item that this essay will be dealing with is the police's powers to stop and search. Under section one of PACE the police have the right to stop and search people and vehicles in a public ... ... as including torture, inhuman or degrading treatment and the use or threat of violence. Code C also gives protection to suspects who are being questioned in regard to the physical conditions of the interview. For example, the code says that interviews must be adequately lit, heated and ventilated and that suspects must be given adequate breaks for meals, refreshments and sleep. In theory the custody officer who is supposed to keep accurate records, should monitor the treatment of a suspect during their detention period. This should include the length and timing of interviews and other matters, such as visits of police officers to the defendants cell, so that any breaches of the rules will be obvious. However, research by Sanders and Bridges suggests that a substantial minority of custody records (10%) are falsified.

The Dictators Essay -- History, Politics, War

The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important and definitely the most obvious change is the increasing deadliness of war. Granted, people have died in wars from the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among the contending armies and among civilian populations, the latter being the most drastic change in number of casualties. Similarly, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the mid-nineteenth century. It all stems back to World War I, which produced a disillusioned public that increasingly sought to change their circumstances in life but attempted to do so outside of the established system. The two regimes are simply th e two exact extremes that were produced in this reaction. National Socialism represents an ultra-conservatism that goes way beyond the boundaries of conservatism as known today, whereas Communism represents ultra-liberalism. Because these two were so ideologically extreme on the right and left ends of the political spectrum respectively, in fact, the wrapped all the way around, so to speak, so that they were not actually that far from each other ideologically after all. So, the question is: if the ideology of the two regimes was so different, why then were there so many similarities? What really tied them together was the rejection of the same prevalent doctrine: liberalism (Overy 639). Both preached against the bourgeoisie and praised the common ... ...ent a similar occurrence in the future. It is important to look at these as archetypal examples of repression born from paranoia and ideologies twisted into bizarre shadows of their former intent. Although they are the two most studied and famous, there are other regimes throughout global history that can be approached in much the same way. For example, in terms of ideology, an historian could approach communist China or, in terms of genocide, one could approach the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia using the knowledge gleaned from the study of National Socialism and Communism. Similarly, it may be possible to use that same knowledge to foresee when a country might be headed towards such a regime and to attempt to prevent it from doing so. That way, the legacy of these regimes is not one of terror and bloodshed but instead one of helping to prevent more bloodshed.

Lord of the Flies Persuasive Essay

â€Å"Lord of the Flies† Ralph the Leader Ralph from the â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding is charismatic, athletic, and smart. He cares about how people are and what they need. He has his responsibilities in order unlike the other kids who do anything they want. He knows how to keep the kids in order so they can get work done. Ralph makes the best leader out of all the other kids. After the conch is blown, and children assemble, Jack calls Piggy Fatty.Ralph is quick to point out that his name is not Fatty, but Piggy. Everyone laughs and begins to chant his name, and Piggy becomes hurt. It is through this small conflict that Piggy becomes a target for the others, to taunt and hurt, because of his name and physical appearance. This event shows the beginnings of breakdown of the community, and Ralph is the only one that can put it back together. Ralph worked tirelessly on the tents while all of the other kids were playing in the water.Jack is a main character in â€Å"Lord of the Flies† but he is a jerk and he is obsessed on kill a pig that he chickened out of doing the first time. While Jack and the hunters are hunting they have a second job that is to keep the signal fire running. They didn’t do that while that is going on a boat comes by and if they had a signal fire they could have been saved but didn’t. Ralph confronted him at an island meeting and Jack still just wants to go hunting. Ralph was smart and nice in the beginning when he first met the boys.They made him chief because of his treats and Jack called them all together but he is mean. The little kids like Jack more because he thinks the beasties are real. Ralph knows they're not real and for the little kids not to believe that they're real. Ralph is the better leader and should always. The facts have shown why Ralph is a better leader. He cares about other people and their emotions. He has his responsibilities in order and will do it. He can lead other peo ple and to get stuff done.

Health and Care Level 2

1 Understand why communication is the working setting 1. 1 Identify the different  reasons people communicate  Ã‚                                                                                                                                       As a human being we have the sense to have others around us and as a result it is essential to communicate. Communication is a two way process and is a vital tool in our lives so it is very important to have a good communication. Reasons to communicate: -To express needs -To share and exchange ideas -To give and receive information and instructions -To socialise and share experiences -To build relationship To reassure -To express feelings and emotions -To understand and to be understood 1. 2 Explain how affective communication affects all aspects of the learners work. Within the care setting it's vital to communicate with people at all time. Effectiv e communication is important as ensures  that is  clear, concise, accurate, informative and most of all non-judgemental. Communication ensures affective team working and continuity of care. 1. 3Why it is important to observe an individual's reactions when communicating with them Communication is a two-way process when two individuals interact with each other.One person is de sender and the other person automatically becomes the receiver. Observing face and body reaction is very important because only 70-80% of communication is verbal so for that reason if you don't pay attention you can miss out on a large proportion of the communication. When working with an individual, supporters must get to know the person well and learn the best way to communicate with them as everyone has different needs. 2. 1Show how to find out an individual's communication and language needs, wishes and preferences.There are many ways of communication and people communicate in all sort of different ways, for that reason we should try to communicate with the person we are caring for in the easiest way as possible. One of the ways to find out a person's needs and preferences is by asking the person themselves as they are your best source of information. Otherwise you can speak to a family member or a close friend as they will probably have a great source of information. Another way to find out your clients wishes and preferences is by reading their care plan or asking a colleague with previous experience with a client. . 2 Demonstrate communication methods that meet an individual’s communication needs, wishes and preferences. Overcoming language differences and communication. First of all you will need to find out where the person is from and their culture, a use of a dictionary in their language will also help and be prepared to learn a fill words in their language. Other ways of overcoming the language barriers is the use of flashcards to indicate there needs but the most ef fective way communication with a person who speaks another language is a non-verbal communication.The use of gestures can also be helpful but bear in mind that some gestures can be extremely offensive in some cultures. An interpreter is also another alternative in a serious discussion. A smile and a friendly face can be the key to overcome communication barriers. Meeting communication needs for someone with a hearing impairment. First of all make sure the persons hearing aid is working properly, installed with working batteries, clean, and that the person hearing aid is fitted correctly. Ensure the place where you sitting is quiet, light, and close enough so that the person can see your face clearly.Some people with hearing impairment will lip read while others will use a form of sign language for communication. Give the service user extra time to process what you are trying to say, speak clearly and in the right tone of voice. Meeting communication needs for someone with visual imp airment. As a carer we should know that a person with visual impairment is not sure what is going on around them because of their disability. The ways of overcoming that barrier: –  making sure that you introduce yourself when entering their room -speaking clearly in a right tone of voice using touch to the hand and arm as saying you are concerned and sympathetic -find out from the client what system of communication they require -never take the arm of someone who is visually impaired to help them move around, allow the person the person to take your arm and ask for guidance. Meeting communication needs of people with physical disability. – There is different ways to deal with disability because it would depend on the nature of the disability or illness. For example if your client had a stroke you will need to use very short sentences, speaking slowly and allowing the person to process what you have said and compose a reply.Using gestures and simple questions which o nly need a yes or a no answer is always a good method of communication. Writing, drawing or using flash cards is also another way of communication. – Neurone disease or cerebral palsy can also lead to speech difficulty, it means that there is no need to speak slowly as the person will understand perfectly what you are saying but it will be difficult to reply back to you. Also you will have to become familiar with sounds and the way the person communicate. Meeting the communication needs of people with a learning disability.When working with people with learning disability you have to adjust to their way of communication. You should gatherer essential information about the person and their level of understanding and kind of communication is most effective. One of the ways to communicate with a person with learning disability is physical contact, some people have a better understanding with physical level rather than a verbal level, but this will depend in each individual. 2. 3 How and when to seek advice about communication The best way to find out in who to communicate with a person is asking themselves.However if communication is not possible you can ask their family or a close friend. Nevertheless when communication is hard and you fill that the person you are communicating with is not capturing the message you should seek advice by asking your line manager in getting specialists or organisations involved and helping you to communicate. There are many organisations with specified knowledge about communication with individuals with sensory loss. Do not assume you can do everything yourself. You should seek advice  whenever you have doubts so you can provide the best service possible. . 1 Identify barriers to effective communication There are many barriers which effect communication. Culture is one of them. We take for granted that everyone has the same view of point of communication. In some cultures a younger person shouldn't have eye contact with th e oldest and some articular gestures can be very disrespectful. The is also the language barrier, so remember when communicating with a person who speaks a different language from you, you should speak clearly, using proper words without abbreviation, in a right tune of voice.Communicating with people with sensory loss can be a barrier. The best way to overcome the barriers: -list the problems to the communication. -list the ways you could try to overcome the communication problems. 3. 2Demonstrate ways to reduce barriers to effect communication -making the person feel as comfortable as possible -use gestures and pictures -give extra time for the person to process what you have said -smile, showing a positive expression -be warn and encouraging -make use of a dictionary if needed -speak clearly in a right tone of voice check hearing aid to see if it is working properly -use appropriate signing -use writing communication -reduce noise and improve lighting -repeating information if ne cessary -keep calm and remain patient -keep conversation sort and simple with someone who has difficulty in replay -judge appropriate level of communication -make sure conversation has been understood Remember you should always give your client the opportunity to express their needs and preferences Demonstrate ways to check that communication has been understood Making sure the person understood the conversation is vital.You can do that by: -listening effectively -ask the person to recap the discussion -maintain eye contact, to the person’s reaction -use of body language -make use of questions like (what, how, why, when and where) -showing interest to the conversation by leaning slightly -check their facial expression to see if the person has engaged in the conversation. 3. 4 Identify sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication Language issues: You may need the service of an interpreter.You can find details of how to contact one from: your line manager, social services, police, embassy or the consulate of the person in need. Illness that affect people’s ability to produce sounds, use their neck and facial muscles may need the use of assistive technology. Some people will need advice of a speech and language therapist. People with sensory loss can use the NRCPD. This includes sign language, interpreters, lip readers, deaf blind communication and note takes. 4. 1Explain the term confidentialityConfidentiality means not sharing information about someone’s private personal information without their knowledge and consent. 4. 2Demonstrate confidentiality in a day-to-day communication in line with agreed ways of communication All the  information someone gives or is given on their behalf to an organisation is confidential and it should not be passed on. In some situations personal information needs to be passed on to a hospital, residential home, to a private agency. However only the information which i s required should be given.It is unethical to disclose of any information or talk about peoples personal issues with family, friends and colleagues. 4. 3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on There are many situations where confidential information should be passed on. If you receive an information about child abuse you should report the information even if the child refuses to agree. But if an adult or an elderly person has been abused you have to have their consent, you can only persuade them to allow you to pass on the information.Police might need personal information about an individual if they have been involved in a serious crime. In a situation when an individual threats to harm someone else or if they put others in danger. 4. 4 Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality If you are unsure when to maintain confidentiality you should seek advice from your manager whether is regarding clients or co lleagues. Maintaining trust and relationship with others is very important so check the organisation on information and confidentiality